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一、 名 词 / V1 @- q; H" I, Q
表现某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不成数名词。
- T' l- v& L0 I2 R6 f& R夸大：不成数名词都默以为单数，所以老是用is或者was；最好不要依据some、any、a lot of等词往作判
$ f3 S! G) @* n' h$ s- n断，以免受误导。
0 D& y4 R- }4 a# ~8 `6 u/ d1、可数名词若何变“复数情势”：% f/ v9 G5 P# h+ T7 T1 Q9 E
a．一般情形下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；读音３庠疱子音后读<strike>，浊子音和
' h+ r2 f4 H4 F- a6 x! r元音后读[z]。
2 x: v0 M! z/ r3 o' e0 P8 `b．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ；读音：[iz]。
# s" Y% _- I4 j" S5 J3 S& P; oc．以“子音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries ；读音：[z]。9 }4 N( H& o4 S( z
d．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives ，thief-thieves；读音：[z]。
5 T7 @( Q2 j6 a( M8 U0 Q& ]e．以“o”结尾的词，分两种情形
! O- v B/ K9 J9 s1）有性命的+es 读音：[z] 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes
$ a0 L- H5 {9 y7 m8 l+ S' R- E2) 无性命的+s 读音：[z] 如：photo-photos radio-radios
2 |: o5 C' g) ]4 m& h; ~f. 不规矩名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, 9 m; S& O P0 I8 e0 Z9 ]; x; P: ]
snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish,
7 m- E& D% x3 M+ T# J4 dpeople-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 1 q" @% r7 l0 H0 O
2、不成数名词没有复数。假如要盘算不成数名词所表达的数目，就得在数词和不成数名词之间加上“量 ' P6 W5 Y* |: U* I; W: u9 I
词+of”。例如：a glass of water, a piece of ***, a bottle of juice
7 g4 c6 y, G& d4 B" K) _判定步调：$ _5 y1 r8 t8 w1 H: W, q2 y7 H7 m" Q
↗如是am、is或was→本相
* O7 v4 \3 f% n* a5 A读句子→读该单词→熟悉该单词→懂得意思→看be动词
3 |9 W/ ^6 y3 E* }5 _3 b ↘如是are或were→加s或es# D$ ]. @% e3 R$ ]( o
练一练：" W5 y, T2 c$ w- @6 |
1、写出下列各词的复数。 ' _' u( g5 H9 T' H
I _________ him _________ this _______ her ______ watch _______ mango_______child _______ photo ________ diary ______ day________ foot________ dress ________ tooth_______
* s1 X+ b) S6 Ssheep ______ box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______ engineer______ peach______
5 Z" ?! i' U0 T* i8 O5 Gsandwich ______ man______ woman_______ leaf_______ people________
0 `3 z: q, B% J0 k Z9 k2、用所给名词的┞俘确情势填空。
. ~6 q% z: C, e3 ^6 A9 }（1）Are there two ( box ) on the table?
' D+ u0 U1 H4 M: a* Q( g（2）I can see some ( people ) in the cinema.
& ]) a4 V7 m X' Z（3）How many ( day ) are there in a week?
+ G% L3 V) |' O ^（4）Here’re five ( bottle ) of ( juice ) for you.; m% A& c3 e5 B. A; Z+ {" I9 j
（5）This ( violin ) is hers. Those ( grape ) are over there.
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二、冠 词
: ~' F Y' E" G( l冠词是一种虚词，不克不及自力应用，凡是放在名词的前面，分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。
' N3 ]3 K/ c) Z/ D7 p3 H# _1、不定冠词：a、an。用在单数名词前，表现“一个，一件……”。an用在以元音“音素”开首的单词前。如： + u# k l& c8 M9 d/ D! p) ^
an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour…& m& @1 D; x) U: }2 G, n
2、定冠词：the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。它的基础用法：
8 E* k% F3 q8 H/ A8 [2 K- @ （1）用来表现特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：The map on the wall is new.
|- {3 }9 e8 b& ?& y8 T （2）表现措辞者两边都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture, please.$ r7 ~9 F; k, \. c, P ~
（3）表现再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.
) B3 D9 ]3 q7 a- T （4）用在表现世界上并世无双的事物前。如：the sun太阳 the moon月亮 the earth地球/ `, a7 j/ j. \- N
（5）用在由通俗名词组成的专著名词前。如：the Great Wall长城4 j+ V7 Y( n, n+ m7 M7 M _
（6）用在江河、湖海等专著名词前。如：the Changjiang River长江
: ]( i$ S8 Y' K5 J8 |3 @ （7）此外，序数词、形容词第一流、乐器名称档故前面和一些习习用语中一般都用定冠词the。如： 3 s3 }4 ]9 ?" N- H% y& k3 _
the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class
2 ?. v3 K/ \+ T# v" j+ Q. z断定用a、an仍是the时可依据汉语意思。3 v5 M* N5 @2 B8 @/ a; y; J7 |
练一练：
- A0 |- c# y+ t$ O5 B7 U1、用a或an填空。
5 r9 ?" M6 h# [* l ____ “U” ____ ice-cream ____ goalkeeper ____ teapot ____apple
" y4 \# \- X8 k ____office ____English book ____umbrella ____unit ____hour 7 u6 Q* L2 Q: M) U* \$ U$ @
2、依据须要，填写冠词a，an或the。
, F3 N# y) w' j/ ^1 y（1）Who is ____girl behind ____tree?
$ e$ N# N+ s J \- @（2） ____old man has two children, ____ son and ____daughter.
1 V4 i1 T* T. N% O' F# D" ?2 K（3）This is ____ orange. ____ orange is Lucy’s.
* K& _- I T) _3 y（4）He likes playing ____guitar. We have ____same hobby.9 L0 P: X' q+ I
（5）We all had____good time last Sunday.. F9 N! T% `# A) _8 W7 y! X0 |: a
（6）She wants to be____doctor.
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* X* y$ T8 d' e$ n z三， 数 词 + A" e$ O0 q+ ?8 Z. k4 p2 h! f5 K
我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表现数目几多，而基数词用于表现顺序，常在日期中呈现。差别：基数词前面没有“the”；序数词前必定要有“the”。6 J1 u/ B; w2 ]1 c
1、跨越二十以上的两位数须要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如：21 twenty-one3 i1 n$ j4 B; a+ L9 |( T6 h# {3 D! L7 s
2、三位数以上的则须要在百位数后再加上and。如：101 a/one hundred and one
% W, k0 v- W* o" D( B3 Q' T" M3、用基数词来润饰可数名词时，必定别忘了它的复数情势。如：十八个男孩 eighteen boys4 @% ^6 o: ? u9 c1 Y
4、用基数词润饰不成数名词时，如是复数，变它的量词为复数。
. l2 S9 c' ]" e" Z8 V如：两碗米饭 two bowls of rice3 V" h) f7 \% K" y& R2 V3 ~+ E
5、序数词一般加“th”，特别的有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth以及二十及二 1 S% {5 X% y3 j2 e% P q7 i6 }0 ]' N
十以外的┞符十：twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth… “第几十几”３庠鸢面整十不变，后面“几”改为序
* `3 e0 V0 C# t" `7 ~7 \9 b数词。如：88 eighty-eighth
2 k. H, h8 j) B6 I9 @" |6 a练一练：
; N8 R6 T0 Q3 O' ]: G0 n' e4 A; d/ B1、请翻译下列短语。 H1 \* u: Y, \! V& k4 Z
（1）60论理学生 （2）15本英语书 9 D% \2 t% L. ], R+ Y( v4 B
（3）九杯凉水 （4）4个孩子 , [ J; R M# ]0 W
（5）12月31 （6）6月2日 2 P0 h; x4 J" ^
（7）第九周 （8）40年前 : z0 p5 F( x7 p8 v, m
（9）11+7 （10）上学第一天 6 y* ^7 ]5 T) g* p. F. N ]
2、把下列基数词改成序数词。
/ V. E3 `( U" v* t! P0 |! qone--- two--- three--- nine--- 9 d' K8 R1 F9 d; }' }, }- y
fourteen--- twenty--- thirty-five--- eighty-one( \# e6 N1 ^1 b) l) S
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/ j& I/ n0 i9 }% M3 w: L8 E四、代 词
( J/ L: N2 e# f, |4 E$ t' m+ j代词有两种：人称代词和物主代词。
0 \, k+ ~6 G6 X* k' p5 \6 H1、人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。- h; U& y3 D$ o, ^0 [8 w
2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）；宾格在句中做宾语，多 2 t- G) l" o+ E0 ?: T2 n+ `
用于动词、介词后。( u H3 G6 l6 ^
3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的感化，后面必定要跟名词，表现该名词是属于谁的。: m# I% f: G. r" U m# e$ `
4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如：
7 C# [: k( M6 ^1 s% _- X# h% l This is my bag. = This is mine. That is her ruler. = That is hers.
9 G- [# ]1 B! I& Y5 q一般看后面有没著名词，若有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。
- K* @. C, C- R9 H6 S, s7 m+ t. C 请服膺下表： ; h! V! Z. S2 w9 B5 R4 B' v8 r1 q
" i1 v( e% k! u2 e+ t
6 o6 ^9 V0 x+ r& W7 c% ?- B9 y7 R单数
6 T( m; R) I# J9 M& p; @0 E, |复数 e2 Y, R! _' W' Q6 r: r
人称 代词 - ]: v7 O r* R1 a6 X/ _9 }! ]
主格 2 P6 A0 S# t6 B) j3 o, |' r
we $ N" b% h) }' M! k3 P" x- Y
you
- I9 ~3 J* V; S( q, Q+ nyou
# t }) J1 F# a' G, u( q; R% uher
0 l" p( y$ c+ A Y/ z# r1 _ Vit
7 r* m |' N, x8 f; i# g* P, d% Nus . D/ j0 X* E. |' F$ R9 J; J3 l) l( K: n
you
( J9 ?0 p' o) k3 f3 O, ]them 3 E5 k2 r( i& R3 _( s
物主 代词
; h/ o6 v' L$ }) h' b: Dmy . q1 R( |0 b& O0 h, T; v/ F- J; ]
your & W/ W9 X* ]6 m# O3 B- f( [+ P& L
his
7 X4 ]2 F/ h* _8 ]- X- Wher $ G3 E& c& W6 n3 `3 r9 `
its 3 M0 `* D2 v6 a8 w$ l* H0 j
our
; K0 O" I" ]. ]" `. Vyour # ^ i( u( b+ o6 U! Z6 L, B
mine 4 _: y, s4 c3 X9 W$ P# d
yours ! F9 F/ d: l1 I4 w4 I$ r
his V" u( [# Y+ l$ [0 Q/ P, J
hers
B( C m# z! z6 O7 P! A% Hits
( a2 i, |, j& e8 X. d3 r) Z: r& @ours / y7 n" m7 q1 l1 `( K% S
yours n, [3 y \" G! p& s M& K
theirs
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1 F. I* W A" K+ b! O0 z+ d% A练一练：
4 ^' `4 } d7 H: F: i! o" g: f# C1、按请求写出响应人称代词。
! m( h; Q* w5 H9 yI（宾格）_______ she（形容词性物主代词）_______ we（名词性物主代词）_______ ) N' K& N8 f" t3 `. s( n
he（复数）_______ us（单数）_______ theirs（主格）_______ its（宾格）_______ / q1 r6 ~- u3 @) `
2、想一想，把下表弥补完全。
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' R3 i3 I" @, y. P" ^" v2 y人称代词 8 `8 `. N* X& g, a. v* J$ i1 ]
物主代词
+ d0 H2 L0 }; y) j4 j单数
1 t% \5 l+ B$ H6 t" Y8 d& I3 u复数
0 j0 O: D! G" z z* ]: c D复数
1 m: |- R; s% m8 ^, \/ e主格 8 R+ ?2 J6 |+ x* F2 `- d" J2 v
宾格
! y) b# k: V, R3 s% J+ b: X宾格 8 @& q7 F' g/ w$ N$ I* L
形容词性 , p5 I. _3 h/ N% D0 ~' G: s7 M
名词性
$ k% c0 @3 |5 a k8 L/ H, Z( ]形容词性
1 W& C( j) `7 H; Z7 P# l/ P名词性
4 ]3 c! F3 d Y' t" q% j第一人称 8 Y4 D& Q: j7 r. C4 ]5 S2 ]; v
/ C e9 v+ N* p* h* Q& y# Uour 9 u/ z9 o1 b0 H& C: X8 Q# t* q
第二人称
# y2 y& Q+ Z5 G6 U1 B3 X0 Uyou
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% r7 x. p) {9 X/ h ^2 @& W第三人称 3 E5 S" H$ q- M6 b: L
them ( k3 V$ a. S9 C9 R# e" q
s, V6 j9 s* z/ N \& s- w1 @
9 Z) V- c/ |; U2 _& o( A1 eher ( d+ F0 R7 a5 O. V! b! [3 t$ c9 |
& s: h: T! ^/ w! u$ M ?- o' ?, Y1 e, ait
2 d% Y- @" t! Y K2 T8 M) ?its * i& w3 ^: g3 k) V" V8 o& R* p
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. A( k$ s4 [8 z3、用所给词的恰当情势填空。
3 K$ O8 m* K1 d q: X- W0 j1）That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )
7 p2 L. q2 X6 q7 @! U5 j2）The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
5 a' g7 G) ]; z& b3）Is this _________ watch? ( you ) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
% B$ i4 V& y* G6 C7 ], \4）_________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )
2 l' n9 e$ A& f, d5）_________ dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are _________? ( you ) 7 Z, ?! v, t% u% U
6）Show _________ your kite, OK? ( they )
7 y! F# @* R3 Y; a, C8 W5 A7）I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it )
) @8 @1 b( A$ o8）Are these ________ tickets? No, ________ are not _________. ________ aren’t here. ( they ) - b& X$ w3 l! J2 J- @
9）Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom. ( we ) 2 g5 K' O, A1 Z7 \
10）_________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job? _________is a nurse. ( she )
4 x# g. J8 f; y+ `# ]' \0 ^0 o$ [11）Where are _________? I can’t find _________. Let’s call _________ parents. ( they ) - Z, ~. b6 T8 g2 _7 d" K8 E# s
12）Don’t touch _________. _________is not a cat, _________ is a tiger! ( it )
9 j" X) n$ _3 l/ h: U: D13）_________ sister is ill. Please go and see _________. ( she )
# a( D) Y5 Z2 `, v14）The girl behind _________ is our friend. ( she )
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五、形容词、副词
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5 x9 x- l" Z1 _: Q; r# o1、形容词表现某一事物某人的特点，副词表现某一动作的特点。形容词和副词有三种情势：本相、比拟 - [& _2 B( ~7 {3 h2 ~& ^
级、第一流。比拟级：+er 第一流：the …+est 8 @1 u6 Z' ~3 F# N0 F4 F3 Q7 a
两个主要特点：as……as中心必定用本相，than的前面必定要+er。: U" m1 R' @3 R( A9 v: Q; x) w
2、形容词、副词比拟级的规矩变更如下：) C3 j: O+ P1 j( I8 X
（1）一般直接+er。如：tall - taller, fast - faster 单音节词假如以-e结尾，只加-r。如：late - later
0 J* @% T" E5 f {0 v4 J1 n（2）重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个子音字母，须双写这个字母，再加-er。如：big - bigger, fat - fatter2 |+ ~9 e# V1 e' M
（3）以子音字母加-y结尾的词，变y为i，再加-er。如：heavy - heavier, early - earlier
* D( p8 [ q8 |0 _( a( E（4）双音节和多音节词的比拟级应在原级前加more组成。如：beautiful - more beautiful,
9 s# j! ^3 Q3 R careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting
m5 S0 k& L: Y. b$ K1 g7 o（5）有些不规矩变更的，须一一加以记忆。如：good/well – better, bad/ill – worse, many/much – more, far – farther/further, old – older/elder… x) m& V: t! k* [
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练一练：* ?: Y! s! S1 F7 Q2 N
1、写出下列形容词、副词的比拟级。) W& Z( \6 X0 Y5 q) K% B
big good long tall old 4 W) l d; W0 c6 J2 _
short thin heavy young fat / Z+ A; a3 Y9 h
light strong high far low
9 g7 q' B. `) ^3 y2 T& Oearly late well fast slow * l( S$ v9 J/ d! g2 L% C9 h
3 P8 U% t- N& |' ?' i7 `3 v+ d
2、用括号内乱所给单词的恰当情势填空。
6 Y$ L' p4 m8 H* e1 H. i/ x1) I can swim as _______ ( fast ) as the fish, I think.
7 E$ l4 S3 b; R% A" ~! Q2) Look! His hands are _______ ( big ) than mine.
. F" x! o2 W3 e6 _1 P3) I think you do these things_______ ( well ) than your classmates.' `* M) D) U d9 |- _" k: r4 s/ C
4) Whose bag is _______ ( heavy ), yours or mine?
, @/ g n" n7 ?- ]. W2 U5) Does Jim run as _______（slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs_______ ( slow ) than them.+ J, |' J/ V8 U$ X8 \& N
6) You have seven books, but I have _______ ( many ) than you. I ha ve ten.
+ q% L4 b- a) t, Y5 D$ y ^& Q7) I jump _______ ( far ) than some of the boys in my class.# a7 h v0 o$ p6 r5 L
8) I’m very_______ ( thin ), but she’s _______ ( thin ) than me.
8 _$ a1 C# G" k9) It gets _______and_______ ( warm ) when spring comes here.
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6 _) y* K" M2 {
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! M, N, |4 }3 J; L3 I( W+ O0 n六、介 词 + [% a% [/ D6 _5 }2 B: S/ `
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1、一种虚词。不克不及零丁作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的宾语一路组成介词短语，才干在句子中起感化。
9 D$ `* G B; h' L' s# y5 s3 ?有：in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of,
; C }4 M8 S4 J G$ Z3 Vfrom…to…, at the back of…3 W1 o. F. V: S
2、表现时光的介词有：at, on, in。（1）at表现“在某一个具体的时光点上”，或用在固定词组中。如：at ten
) e$ O+ b; Y5 A, r9 _* c- _o’clock, at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend…（2）on表现“在某日或某日的时光段”。如：on Friday, on the " k$ z) h; Q# d; Z H
first of October, on Monday morning…（3）in表现“在某一段时光（月份、季候）里”。如：in the afternoon,
- \1 r9 K! r j' hin September, in summer, in 2005…( V2 h7 e) x- m
3、in一词还有其他的固定搭配，如：in blue（穿戴蓝色的衣服），in English（用英语表达），take part in（参
- p& W0 x' A6 [, R# q8 q5 x加）。6 z0 O+ Z6 n: R6 x% @1 g" |" W
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练一练：
5 ~9 m: `( e( F# c( v1、选用括号内乱适当的介词填空。0 J' t' }! O: e! l" v/ v
1) What’s this _______ ( at, on, in ) English?: x( [- h6 |) _ f! q* y8 T2 g
2) Christmas is _______ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.2 E9 X+ f+ A5 _- `9 ^
3) The man_______ ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hai’s father.
2 O. c+ y& m9 X$ d; @ z: F9 K! L4) He doesn’t do well _______ ( at, on, in ) PE.
3 m+ ^2 U5 Z' H9 @( ~5) Look at those birds _______ ( on, in ) the tree.( l; T* `; ?5 G6 M
6) We are going to meet _______ ( at, on, in ) the bus stop _______ ( at, on, in ) half past ten.
8 w# U3 e, s8 u& |5 V5 [$ x/ g1 h7) Is there a cat _______ ( under, behind, in ) the door?% g! v% k5 S- ?) @! b/ J7 z
8) Helen’s writing *** is _______ ( in, in front of ) her computer.
4 g9 {8 _) O7 u/ O8 m/ f) O1 a4 \# l$ [9) We live _______ ( at, on, in ) a new house now.7 g3 D; B% n! h3 ^( F: g2 ~
10) Does it often rain _______ ( at, on, in ) spring there?' N) N: y0 T- z" F
2、圈出下列句子中应用不适当的介词，并将准确的谜底写在横线上。 g. H) v& {: A4 G
1) Jim is good in English and Maths. 2) The films were in the ground just now. 9 d. V0 \' a5 n4 J- i
3) They are talking to their plans. 4) How many students have their birthdays on May?
+ _. V U: S+ B) ?2 a' N; U5) Women’s Day is at the third of March. 6) I can jog to school on the morning. . E+ a& a) h' c/ @( }, K
7) Did you water trees at the farm? 8) Can you come and help me on my English?
) |/ x4 b# @8 w: ~# t9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning. 10) What did you do on the Spring Festival? |
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发表于 2019-12-7 02:43:27
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