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一、 名 词
% i9 X K g# Z0 n表现某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不成数名词。1 F" L1 c. o! ~9 D8 y4 g
夸大:不成数名词都默以为单数,所以老是用is或者was;最好不要依据some、any、a lot of等词往作判 . H$ V$ I9 t8 e8 G; y/ t# v ?7 j, _% j
断,以免受误导。 ! ?' }) o) R* v. R O5 p1 b/ l
1、可数名词若何变“复数情势”:" _2 O: @' F; N+ s# |" y9 D
a.一般情形下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;读音3庠疱子音后读<strike>,浊子音和
+ A3 W! C7 t6 P& v元音后读[z]。
$ ~3 _; r# i, x: `8 [# y7 z* jb.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;读音:[iz]。
) A2 Y7 E, G9 w: e) mc.以“子音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries ;读音:[z]。0 E9 \2 W U6 f2 U ~% I7 s' d# p
d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ,thief-thieves;读音:[z]。. E, K# S: @. L$ @
e.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情形 7 O& R4 C: v! F# u4 S8 j
1)有性命的+es 读音:[z] 如:mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes
* h3 B6 q! `9 E# l9 R7 T1 C* k2 E2) 无性命的+s 读音:[z] 如:photo-photos radio-radios
k) H, L& W" Tf. 不规矩名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, 3 ?0 l6 M6 I& T% M
snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish,
0 R4 @7 W! y7 @: F# Y' xpeople-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 1 F# K! q. j6 C7 z# j. }
2、不成数名词没有复数。假如要盘算不成数名词所表达的数目,就得在数词和不成数名词之间加上“量
! E# f; _, _; G$ V词+of”。例如:a glass of water, a piece of ***, a bottle of juice6 ]' o5 \; D K- E f
判定步调:, v8 j8 E+ u4 J. x( i4 L
↗如是am、is或was→本相
/ `. r" x, ~1 |' o% l" |! k$ [读句子→读该单词→熟悉该单词→懂得意思→看be动词3 h M5 [, Y1 s9 `6 N
↘如是are或were→加s或es, h+ d* n! e1 M# C, S5 {
练一练:$ l0 ~# {: ~; _5 i
1、写出下列各词的复数。 , q z" G+ T% p+ J" M% h
I _________ him _________ this _______ her ______ watch _______ mango_______child _______ photo ________ diary ______ day________ foot________ dress ________ tooth_______ T. c* z# q1 d3 d
sheep ______ box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______ engineer______ peach______
# H( S- n V9 o" z+ ?6 R Asandwich ______ man______ woman_______ leaf_______ people________! J+ b+ R3 Z' j+ k4 @" F1 T$ w
2、用所给名词的┞俘确情势填空。- t* ]% z: w( w
(1)Are there two ( box ) on the table?5 C% }3 T0 i$ ?4 M& }& ^
(2)I can see some ( people ) in the cinema.# ^( A* i' C, S5 U% e8 r' G
(3)How many ( day ) are there in a week?
l. G/ X0 {) @% v G; a. F' O) J(4)Here’re five ( bottle ) of ( juice ) for you.' _# {0 J q; d5 k
(5)This ( violin ) is hers. Those ( grape ) are over there.( P" S5 Q6 u1 }2 L( ~
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, L! D2 ^& S! L$ H* s% v二、冠 词
5 h2 E5 D0 \) Q4 h' R冠词是一种虚词,不克不及自力应用,凡是放在名词的前面,分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。
. N; v% J2 F7 V/ Z1、不定冠词:a、an。用在单数名词前,表现“一个,一件……”。an用在以元音“音素”开首的单词前。如: 4 {4 t" Y7 ]' k- z* N" k
an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour…$ C, k' O, E7 T7 @
2、定冠词:the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思,有时翻译为这、那。它的基础用法:
+ G; ~' j$ ]: Q2 S3 M# c (1)用来表现特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:The map on the wall is new.2 J& H% s6 X' V% @ S
(2)表现措辞者两边都知道的人或事物。如:Look at the picture, please.5 g+ j1 n ^6 J7 l( Q
(3)表现再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如:This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful. l+ Q3 r* u2 k3 O Q* B
(4)用在表现世界上并世无双的事物前。如:the sun太阳 the moon月亮 the earth地球
5 Y! `5 U+ k# { h$ l0 f (5)用在由通俗名词组成的专著名词前。如:the Great Wall长城
. j5 H3 p) J/ i- K+ Z (6)用在江河、湖海等专著名词前。如:the Changjiang River长江
2 K2 j/ {# O: f% n (7)此外,序数词、形容词第一流、乐器名称档故前面和一些习习用语中一般都用定冠词the。如: * x* E/ N8 X* o% g! o+ H/ \
the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class* C0 G$ x, g; r9 Y3 [) Y) s
断定用a、an仍是the时可依据汉语意思。
7 q" T( Q" O- o; N, l( s练一练:& r5 @$ W# z! r1 n3 L8 Q
1、用a或an填空。
I. p* J0 B- m& T ____ “U” ____ ice-cream ____ goalkeeper ____ teapot ____apple5 {& M; a# _0 j* l0 W K
____office ____English book ____umbrella ____unit ____hour
, I) C. A$ z+ R1 y6 v2、依据须要,填写冠词a,an或the。
' W9 |( j# D7 C. @(1)Who is ____girl behind ____tree?
T- D, r+ P2 `9 Z+ O. T' e" Y/ H(2) ____old man has two children, ____ son and ____daughter.' W9 P7 [, K K, [
(3)This is ____ orange. ____ orange is Lucy’s.0 o; h6 h; P* R9 S
(4)He likes playing ____guitar. We have ____same hobby.
7 N' E) z! i6 g# D. A. p2 h(5)We all had____good time last Sunday.7 W5 \' L2 Z& T1 P
(6)She wants to be____doctor.
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: u7 [/ u+ y& M三, 数 词
/ W( B" J' p* Z/ q我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。基数用于表现数目几多,而基数词用于表现顺序,常在日期中呈现。差别:基数词前面没有“the”;序数词前必定要有“the”。
) U1 \0 d$ v: {9 i1、跨越二十以上的两位数须要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如:21 twenty-one$ X* @) p2 e7 M# R: p6 H, ~
2、三位数以上的则须要在百位数后再加上and。如:101 a/one hundred and one8 h2 p' s1 O2 I/ M3 |: o
3、用基数词来润饰可数名词时,必定别忘了它的复数情势。如:十八个男孩 eighteen boys
! b7 k+ Z( }2 q4、用基数词润饰不成数名词时,如是复数,变它的量词为复数。
/ ~! i2 T7 A1 M0 N; ]0 z如:两碗米饭 two bowls of rice
6 S) B& Q% d7 |: ]! p0 ^/ P* N3 Z7 T* r5、序数词一般加“th”,特别的有:first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth以及二十及二 7 V* R2 N! X6 c3 g. r2 @
十以外的┞符十:twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth… “第几十几”3庠鸢面整十不变,后面“几”改为序
$ M9 l c1 t; `# I( r数词。如:88 eighty-eighth
4 [! L$ E" z Q0 M& p练一练:
1 K. u! e! L# R) f2 I) [; M1、请翻译下列短语。 1 d6 V$ }# _5 X. I. C
(1)60论理学生 (2)15本英语书
3 {. `: W9 P7 v( z" d' g: s7 t! A1 g(3)九杯凉水 (4)4个孩子 2 T$ y. N( p' v! K% P j
(5)12月31 (6)6月2日
+ J( g: M; E& S6 G3 v( V(7)第九周 (8)40年前 8 D5 A( J7 h( K8 e8 ?
(9)11+7 (10)上学第一天
1 g0 Y9 V+ A% @! K2、把下列基数词改成序数词。
0 o1 k; p z5 g9 W* B5 None--- two--- three--- nine---
6 \. T- ^- `" A5 q6 L+ Nfourteen--- twenty--- thirty-five--- eighty-one" U: ?! Y5 M" q4 j6 X" M5 Z( Q
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/ C) ~2 \. r$ n四、代 词 8 `4 H2 L, S8 r' O
代词有两种:人称代词和物主代词。0 Q$ E6 p! W9 q) W" [# H% g
1、人称代词分为:第一、第二、第三人称,且有单复数之分。/ s4 w* L. T- E9 C
2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语,一般用在动词前(疑问句除外);宾格在句中做宾语,多
$ g- e% ?: [& a; j; @用于动词、介词后。
; V1 c* j; _. U, V& z+ ~3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的感化,后面必定要跟名词,表现该名词是属于谁的。+ V" R- h+ z" b- g- X
4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如:8 s0 Z0 }7 {) E5 R6 _
This is my bag. = This is mine. That is her ruler. = That is hers.
$ `3 |, |: W) H5 m. ~" a& K一般看后面有没著名词,若有,就用形容词性物主代词;如无,就用名词性物主代词。# N' h7 F5 ]8 g4 Z* g$ f
请服膺下表: , v& I* @/ P; G0 J
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7 @3 Q' ?4 _: rhe
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she - a" N+ z/ P" N" e- a* k
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0 J' F) E% x% L! i7 [& K9 z1 Vthey
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宾格 2 G# Q) ^% i; T3 y; F# Z
- e2 h0 K' E% O J5 {- g
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him " g: ?! c F1 o0 Z2 G5 w
* D% n* H8 q2 B5 N$ K; W; Kher
& Z5 p9 u L+ _+ E% p; E" o1 h # f* y9 L7 B u- `4 f
3 ~' X. U$ q9 v
us
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- ^" T3 {5 N# a/ t& P& l; byou $ s J' k9 C* U5 q! C: ?
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) n$ s; Z, W2 j3 i物主 代词 ; I, [- `3 ^ Z. S, R
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形容词性 % ?& |0 X* n( [- f# k+ B2 W* j
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your
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its
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' G0 G% j0 }6 v2 V' M8 tour / g+ s* Y! {* {- K) a$ p
$ H8 o, x3 y( E3 a1 ]" w6 Kyour - y& H8 w- Z U6 `. t5 [/ A
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8 n- @6 l, c' i6 \! e; p& c% L% V
W" N- i) n9 fmine
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yours & U$ r) y0 v2 @1 u5 r) P) w
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, ^9 M# ^$ d/ w2 ^- Phers 8 {! E$ V9 F" v# i, M( q2 _! e( p1 \
3 n: Y+ V. Z4 c' x! M9 f( v7 ~, w
its
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ours
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yours / X, j% R; d1 z+ r7 P1 c
( v/ j5 ~1 |8 p" h9 P) u
theirs
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练一练:
, J% M+ f6 ?* l3 Z& }1、按请求写出响应人称代词。$ _' z' L: k7 E/ S* J, S- [: k
I(宾格)_______ she(形容词性物主代词)_______ we(名词性物主代词)_______
7 a# D0 `( H" x" P: `he(复数)_______ us(单数)_______ theirs(主格)_______ its(宾格)_______
. c. l+ d/ i$ f2、想一想,把下表弥补完全。 " N3 N7 S6 H: c" @8 Y1 X' R
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物主代词
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" S [2 t7 R5 Y% k4 l单数 1 A. _" n' P' @7 z( X8 I2 v
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复数 * v$ @ a2 P! _- j8 P9 X
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Y* N9 N1 R# \; `主格 ' O. Z2 ~) R' l& l* _4 v
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形容词性
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形容词性
, n6 I" J* E) A- @/ @: V! t 3 ?2 d4 D& j/ z8 l7 Q* M# J
名词性
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第一人称
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3 e' q! O5 X- w' B8 K! Xme * d' w: e# F5 R# B+ y+ z
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us - }9 G& _) S# J" A- A2 a
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( [4 n/ ]6 }3 M! c% g2 N% ^1 s
) ^7 F( P" E Y2 t, m5 rour
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8 ~0 D; q6 N8 t7 Y7 M( [第二人称 ( s! z$ S. J2 Y* j# n
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5 e" Q) [- I3 Z
you
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第三人称
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her ) f+ D0 @; R. S5 {3 n- j
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5 ^0 r5 h% z* u( v# Aits , s1 z; r9 O( V S0 s, w# w! m. Z
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: @# T; y) X2 X) l1 g' G3、用所给词的恰当情势填空。2 E, e' W: \7 g" Y
1)That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I ). W) i% j. W# f, _# P1 D
2)The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
" h8 O* N3 Y' v# Z3)Is this _________ watch? ( you ) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
) T: p1 @2 T( c% L. z4)_________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he ) ! \, A2 D6 g+ z C
5)_________ dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are _________? ( you )
) |2 {0 l( {6 o0 f1 k9 N5 r- O! N3 u6)Show _________ your kite, OK? ( they ) 2 R& q* l3 d; B) |8 A6 T S
7)I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it ) 1 i L4 I% j4 i i, k* S
8)Are these ________ tickets? No, ________ are not _________. ________ aren’t here. ( they ) # ?/ ~+ W- \+ p( y; Z4 `
9)Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom. ( we ) , q8 X* L3 Y7 K/ c) R$ T
10)_________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job? _________is a nurse. ( she )
8 O% E6 M* |2 s' K- ]4 Q11)Where are _________? I can’t find _________. Let’s call _________ parents. ( they )
$ c" _& t: H# C/ T, t0 S12)Don’t touch _________. _________is not a cat, _________ is a tiger! ( it )
4 _+ Q* l6 |3 x8 w* \13)_________ sister is ill. Please go and see _________. ( she )
" ]4 S8 l/ d! F4 N5 Y7 T14)The girl behind _________ is our friend. ( she )
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" D1 _' C q8 P$ f) `五、形容词、副词
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. L4 \1 p% S; Z& a2 T5 a" c v1、形容词表现某一事物某人的特点,副词表现某一动作的特点。形容词和副词有三种情势:本相、比拟 $ j' u, R4 `! o+ a9 Q
级、第一流。比拟级:+er 第一流:the …+est
9 ]& M7 F# J" x8 v; X0 Q/ o1 `两个主要特点:as……as中心必定用本相,than的前面必定要+er。
; |5 u6 K2 n4 S- M2、形容词、副词比拟级的规矩变更如下:: |* a5 D. z. ~; W: ]0 n6 |
(1)一般直接+er。如:tall - taller, fast - faster 单音节词假如以-e结尾,只加-r。如:late - later5 u4 e0 {# ?0 z o4 ^& P0 [
(2)重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个子音字母,须双写这个字母,再加-er。如:big - bigger, fat - fatter
2 d/ X. y [6 l; G1 i(3)以子音字母加-y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er。如:heavy - heavier, early - earlier7 _5 K7 m) p8 n7 \5 V- K
(4)双音节和多音节词的比拟级应在原级前加more组成。如:beautiful - more beautiful,
+ z1 I8 {! O5 p9 J. m# Q7 Z careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting9 n5 e9 {( v2 i; r% {2 }
(5)有些不规矩变更的,须一一加以记忆。如:good/well – better, bad/ill – worse, many/much – more, far – farther/further, old – older/elder…: Q- a5 Q# _6 N1 ~
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练一练:
: N. O+ B# M. y! `7 n, a1、写出下列形容词、副词的比拟级。0 M5 N; r2 D1 p- i5 T8 [5 u5 ?
big good long tall old
- e( i$ Y2 V8 k( T; O& k* a+ \short thin heavy young fat
/ z( y1 ?$ p9 r+ R% ~light strong high far low ; a( H4 i4 d4 x- `& _
early late well fast slow
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4 t p1 v# v) m6 _2、用括号内乱所给单词的恰当情势填空。
0 Z5 P* K7 b5 H; W1) I can swim as _______ ( fast ) as the fish, I think.
- a4 C% \1 \2 j3 @2) Look! His hands are _______ ( big ) than mine.
0 z2 Z, k; E1 |+ d, r+ \( i3) I think you do these things_______ ( well ) than your classmates.
' i5 n# p; a& G' G4) Whose bag is _______ ( heavy ), yours or mine?2 L$ S8 { w6 J4 N0 A1 A
5) Does Jim run as _______(slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs_______ ( slow ) than them.: D5 {! X4 A% }! T& m' R
6) You have seven books, but I have _______ ( many ) than you. I ha ve ten., G1 e9 l- v* i/ v. u4 O0 |
7) I jump _______ ( far ) than some of the boys in my class.1 x3 D9 j& a' r0 @+ |, S
8) I’m very_______ ( thin ), but she’s _______ ( thin ) than me.
x. x+ T/ ~7 D9) It gets _______and_______ ( warm ) when spring comes here.
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六、介 词
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1、一种虚词。不克不及零丁作句子成分,它只有跟它后面的宾语一路组成介词短语,才干在句子中起感化。
- K C! N& d; T; Z4 F# w& W有:in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of, 2 j" o$ X) u9 M- q) I8 R6 E
from…to…, at the back of…5 }6 W% C6 O$ a
2、表现时光的介词有:at, on, in。(1)at表现“在某一个具体的时光点上”,或用在固定词组中。如:at ten
3 u( U2 C4 N+ n- ko’clock, at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend…(2)on表现“在某日或某日的时光段”。如:on Friday, on the 1 w6 ?7 t. x( H* _+ s6 ]) N
first of October, on Monday morning…(3)in表现“在某一段时光(月份、季候)里”。如:in the afternoon, , ?: e a, i9 L
in September, in summer, in 2005…
% x% y3 L" ]8 Y- L1 C% ~$ k' L3、in一词还有其他的固定搭配,如:in blue(穿戴蓝色的衣服),in English(用英语表达),take part in(参
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练一练:
1 s* F8 F, w9 i* l! P4 \; ^1、选用括号内乱适当的介词填空。
/ ]) G+ W" B$ U n1) What’s this _______ ( at, on, in ) English?2 I/ Q6 K1 |4 O4 \( {. [, P
2) Christmas is _______ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.
, W% ]4 V: @: g9 a8 | m' T3) The man_______ ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hai’s father.
& K! b# M- U+ C4 g8 }8 ?& N4) He doesn’t do well _______ ( at, on, in ) PE.
3 _- q2 ? g. r& B8 \; X$ o( K5) Look at those birds _______ ( on, in ) the tree.
2 l8 I: n [: z. O. m5 T( N6) We are going to meet _______ ( at, on, in ) the bus stop _______ ( at, on, in ) half past ten./ u; J7 p. y/ f0 ]
7) Is there a cat _______ ( under, behind, in ) the door?; N# O0 ?* J& p6 k
8) Helen’s writing *** is _______ ( in, in front of ) her computer.- u( y8 H0 }8 R1 {- X
9) We live _______ ( at, on, in ) a new house now.
4 l. M( M. s2 n ^( I* a! T: d2 M10) Does it often rain _______ ( at, on, in ) spring there?) c5 o$ r; I1 J. l N
2、圈出下列句子中应用不适当的介词,并将准确的谜底写在横线上。
, D, i3 k- M" k$ S+ e1) Jim is good in English and Maths. 2) The films were in the ground just now. , p& @% c8 L5 z) P1 G: D3 C# w
3) They are talking to their plans. 4) How many students have their birthdays on May?
& H5 B" N, q0 z! b9 i3 u' m5) Women’s Day is at the third of March. 6) I can jog to school on the morning. 2 ^, e' |3 G, A1 x ^8 w' q* |
7) Did you water trees at the farm? 8) Can you come and help me on my English?
" S& `# K# F' s# ^: \9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning. 10) What did you do on the Spring Festival? |