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一、 名 词
8 n0 X; v0 @+ r- _表现某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不成数名词。
4 t2 Y+ i( ~; X/ e I夸大：不成数名词都默以为单数，所以老是用is或者was；最好不要依据some、any、a lot of等词往作判
- m# D, Q/ x- h" e; J断，以免受误导。
) ~5 @ T9 Z/ ~) H r1、可数名词若何变“复数情势”：2 _& O0 Y0 [4 u
a．一般情形下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；读音３庠疱子音后读<strike>，浊子音和 2 V" Y: g4 F: G* K9 S6 m6 G
元音后读[z]。
; E7 x+ e5 |* L; j8 W3 I5 kb．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ；读音：[iz]。
# z7 C' |9 }% P8 H6 K Gc．以“子音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries ；读音：[z]。
* C! m3 T: l& d# qd．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives ，thief-thieves；读音：[z]。" `7 e( G6 h* N- c7 E" J
e．以“o”结尾的词，分两种情形 ( T0 U G5 r+ J1 Y5 W
1）有性命的+es 读音：[z] 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes 5 k5 {+ `7 i3 @4 I; m
2) 无性命的+s 读音：[z] 如：photo-photos radio-radios
, b* {6 d, Z7 S8 b2 p; c+ i; ?f. 不规矩名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, . v! K% L/ w: \5 T d
snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish,
7 c$ t, A8 E. U9 Jpeople-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
0 ?9 M6 D% r5 G2 B; p 2、不成数名词没有复数。假如要盘算不成数名词所表达的数目，就得在数词和不成数名词之间加上“量 ) a. i: t" o3 T: x0 S% m
词+of”。例如：a glass of water, a piece of ***, a bottle of juice* t% q+ o" A1 E6 n; U! _
判定步调：
6 [2 f- k, ?6 E; q3 {( \ ↗如是am、is或was→本相
! i1 v6 Y( q! \8 }读句子→读该单词→熟悉该单词→懂得意思→看be动词" f q! B8 b+ `# F5 `
↘如是are或were→加s或es
' { z, ^0 ]# v, j8 S9 r4 F练一练：. ^2 J6 ~1 } A' J9 L$ P$ t3 b
1、写出下列各词的复数。 - [% {0 b6 ]* Z) V t
I _________ him _________ this _______ her ______ watch _______ mango_______child _______ photo ________ diary ______ day________ foot________ dress ________ tooth_______
) r8 I9 L' U8 ?7 E. fsheep ______ box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______ engineer______ peach______ 0 N7 y' R" ` a
sandwich ______ man______ woman_______ leaf_______ people________$ K1 o# a' `/ E9 v
2、用所给名词的┞俘确情势填空。
% ]2 X! q1 K, ~( {（1）Are there two ( box ) on the table?
7 y5 N/ A5 \5 i4 k) ?（2）I can see some ( people ) in the cinema.
8 y$ C3 v, V5 z# u（3）How many ( day ) are there in a week?7 g* v/ @, }5 L
（4）Here’re five ( bottle ) of ( juice ) for you.
. t3 s) C$ G7 F: ^' [7 I8 L（5）This ( violin ) is hers. Those ( grape ) are over there.- \. A: V! U/ t# T9 B4 V
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二、冠 词 ; c1 s9 P8 D$ I2 ~
冠词是一种虚词，不克不及自力应用，凡是放在名词的前面，分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。
+ z$ ^& r. {# t/ M$ L1、不定冠词：a、an。用在单数名词前，表现“一个，一件……”。an用在以元音“音素”开首的单词前。如：
! N* [' Z9 k5 O2 N! t3 e V% b" Qan e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour… d/ u$ X+ Q- W, M- G7 U
2、定冠词：the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。它的基础用法：
. Z0 p9 x; F7 l （1）用来表现特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：The map on the wall is new.
1 S. [( U% g" P, F$ F （2）表现措辞者两边都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture, please.1 `2 v6 ~1 Z8 _6 n3 A1 ^- s; }
（3）表现再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.& s1 e, V) `; q
（4）用在表现世界上并世无双的事物前。如：the sun太阳 the moon月亮 the earth地球% t/ _8 [. T( Q5 r( g \
（5）用在由通俗名词组成的专著名词前。如：the Great Wall长城& s: H: z1 b. T2 X- j
（6）用在江河、湖海等专著名词前。如：the Changjiang River长江
* @* M/ w$ _' x& Q: J （7）此外，序数词、形容词第一流、乐器名称档故前面和一些习习用语中一般都用定冠词the。如：
0 C% C$ Y& s7 ~8 g# kthe first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class
1 ^' z2 B+ y9 `! z; G% U断定用a、an仍是the时可依据汉语意思。
* B+ a% Q" e6 Z# f' L练一练：0 Z | K! o2 Z5 q+ k
1、用a或an填空。6 A4 s1 _# D4 d8 D! v/ h
____ “U” ____ ice-cream ____ goalkeeper ____ teapot ____apple
0 @5 f- c3 [) ~7 _! }" N. [ k* W ____office ____English book ____umbrella ____unit ____hour
" s, v/ }% H0 q) h2、依据须要，填写冠词a，an或the。: A4 D4 x1 A) E3 q' h
（1）Who is ____girl behind ____tree?7 p4 x) _, w( s0 z% L
（2） ____old man has two children, ____ son and ____daughter.8 N0 p* g# z; J, E) H
（3）This is ____ orange. ____ orange is Lucy’s.& n/ f b [+ v, }; Q x
（4）He likes playing ____guitar. We have ____same hobby.
8 w# x7 s8 {! w, b- v（5）We all had____good time last Sunday.$ c2 d3 a5 S0 e
（6）She wants to be____doctor.
0 I/ m# B7 f1 f7 _ / k4 N1 W( {! s' K4 d; _
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三， 数 词
$ x# N4 f( X" E0 w+ B+ n5 L我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表现数目几多，而基数词用于表现顺序，常在日期中呈现。差别：基数词前面没有“the”；序数词前必定要有“the”。* A; Y! n# R- P# f
1、跨越二十以上的两位数须要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如：21 twenty-one
6 u: g" l) [( ~( l2、三位数以上的则须要在百位数后再加上and。如：101 a/one hundred and one( I. z$ s% U* J# v. V+ O2 _- R
3、用基数词来润饰可数名词时，必定别忘了它的复数情势。如：十八个男孩 eighteen boys
$ k, S( }$ R/ r; e0 @" d' ?4、用基数词润饰不成数名词时，如是复数，变它的量词为复数。 ; R( D/ t0 @6 W. O! H
如：两碗米饭 two bowls of rice
, R. }% h# b; X% w0 W/ z c5、序数词一般加“th”，特别的有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth以及二十及二 * j) T. d& T3 R
十以外的┞符十：twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth… “第几十几”３庠鸢面整十不变，后面“几”改为序
& n& V ]2 K: [9 ?0 d: \; _数词。如：88 eighty-eighth2 q# A7 G. ]* d# @0 G- Q& i1 t
练一练：5 K- w4 {6 f! m/ ~
1、请翻译下列短语。 ! ^- K. L( b8 A9 G" {; i* D# O
（1）60论理学生 （2）15本英语书 3 K0 ]9 K( h( X$ E
（3）九杯凉水 （4）4个孩子
- C/ m( Y6 m+ V0 a（5）12月31 （6）6月2日
7 | ~6 z. a& z' E; _（7）第九周 （8）40年前
# v; q6 }& Q- Y: S+ `& W8 v（9）11+7 （10）上学第一天
. \" U) }7 Y$ F: M* J, m2、把下列基数词改成序数词。: \9 ]8 p9 T" W+ |8 j
one--- two--- three--- nine--- " B& N- }/ w: j3 `' `' Y
fourteen--- twenty--- thirty-five--- eighty-one5 J4 U9 g" m/ ]7 _% }/ A" D
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四、代 词 6 X3 A- H' p9 D
代词有两种：人称代词和物主代词。
" D, o# i: d0 g! i. R K! _1、人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。
& f# g4 S9 O, U% W2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）；宾格在句中做宾语，多
. V; I6 @* Y$ C y$ j用于动词、介词后。% x0 _0 n! C) W3 i
3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的感化，后面必定要跟名词，表现该名词是属于谁的。
" I [0 b! Z6 c# B4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如：
) @, n) [; F6 d$ } This is my bag. = This is mine. That is her ruler. = That is hers.& x: Y, v4 e9 E; A& X
一般看后面有没著名词，若有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。
. M# e( U+ V$ q9 l; ?- _9 _: { 请服膺下表： ) H' S. [1 L/ r* P3 C1 J* g
4 v( W5 q& j$ X
; v# U7 I# ^; V! O: |, j! H' w# p单数 0 e/ ^; c, ]# J2 \) [- f5 |
复数
- `0 d( i( ^4 v% m' K4 D人称 代词
9 ^$ ]3 |5 a( |4 ?! F0 n主格
" k8 j8 v! M. Y) B; W1 Dyou
/ i( g: a5 z. Z! z; b. d4 Git
+ i% `" t. P# I/ k9 U8 k0 Fyou
& t7 X0 k& V6 P0 S. I宾格 ) {* Q* s% q. D$ Z4 ~5 k
you
4 ]" Q" B: `7 o! y6 E+ J3 nhim
j7 f: L# S- _2 M8 r7 R; m- G1 git # M" s6 s* U$ c1 W8 `: N
us z) A0 }5 y& _1 l) Y" C- `
you
8 R5 X8 m/ q% D, P. Q/ b物主 代词 6 V; U0 e5 ?5 F; ~" d$ x8 h8 l
your d$ F# _! h2 \8 q1 q) V# n. c4 b
his
) p5 G4 L! g8 f5 ]1 `4 jher
# |9 E7 E; y8 v5 B! c) ?/ vits / |) W/ X( t, n$ n+ r7 s' B) ~+ }
our
% ^3 B( E/ o' |7 }* G O' j% y& B名词性 # c- p3 W" I4 u# d! c N
mine * t$ m' J* `2 ~% T h& V. U
yours
# L; m* d S" Q# M) g# R2 r$ H" Nhers
& ?2 i: \( ?7 \! X4 i$ sits
% o# O0 F0 U8 e( y9 i' hours
7 h. b1 p0 u9 Y# _5 k% `yours
& M, A+ S8 s0 A) W) Dtheirs
& K7 h3 P# T6 O) U2 c: [
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6 G" `6 t: k6 k, I: i5 x- ~' t练一练：
* }; |, r" o/ s0 F+ ~: q& j( ^& J% A, w1、按请求写出响应人称代词。
& L2 q; ?; D0 F. [: Z5 ~I（宾格）_______ she（形容词性物主代词）_______ we（名词性物主代词）_______
' C+ c0 q0 f: vhe（复数）_______ us（单数）_______ theirs（主格）_______ its（宾格）_______
7 b! S( L+ y6 R# F& p2、想一想，把下表弥补完全。 1 Z. p3 d f T$ @: m
0 B i2 z# R& D
人称代词 ' }4 S N' [- O& z% [) V: | I
物主代词 . B6 p5 l# P3 q; ]) D; c( M
单数 % r/ l3 j% R4 J9 p5 U$ i
主格 " O5 \% D6 @# j9 H& e% U W
主格 . ~& l# Y1 d3 o/ V/ A9 l, Y
宾格 , ]. d; V$ ]. ~6 ~( a( s/ }
名词性 * U! Y- f5 I3 p/ ^ U6 _
形容词性
* A( D; ]9 w9 g, |/ N J& ]名词性 - @, {6 W% E+ V- p. C' r
/ l! h/ E8 Z1 F' z! U Q8 D
us
5 E. n7 X/ D& M w! J! V y7 f ( i5 R |2 y0 t1 F$ k( u t( d/ O
our & a, L0 U; ^5 t0 H% j; D8 W
第二人称 ) p3 M: s" g' E) N2 a
you ) d9 v: e* p9 E0 f5 a* P2 Q$ N
0 t% l% S- s$ |0 u0 l1 ^* T
2 w4 L% v* A& t7 w# g# t' J! E" ^# d
* S$ i" s: M- E' H1 [$ s8 o& t5 uthem 5 u+ R8 Z( o3 S. [9 T% u- j# h
his 9 C" u, c" G$ f; d5 l& U
their - A9 N# ^/ u& m6 M l4 Z. n: d
her
0 g8 F4 q+ e' W* \& {7 Z( Z& y
) {0 I' U8 J5 ?6 V S/ c# R, oits
7 |$ d8 l. j3 q/ h: \
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5 D+ `* h/ X( W# f6 O3、用所给词的恰当情势填空。 a( ?: t8 v! Q- f
1）That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )+ |$ E+ q4 V: {6 e
2）The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she ) 7 G3 ~ `/ U* N: @: I# E5 `
3）Is this _________ watch? ( you ) No, it’s not _________ . ( I ) : K9 Q2 W+ t, w" L
4）_________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he ) - ?0 B2 n/ d0 s% c8 O9 W
5）_________ dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are _________? ( you )
0 _% ]6 } ?* d4 E6 Q. k9 ]) c ]6）Show _________ your kite, OK? ( they ) ' R8 T" u- @4 b: |
7）I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it ) 0 u" a( k4 p* O z
8）Are these ________ tickets? No, ________ are not _________. ________ aren’t here. ( they )
# W+ }5 b% m$ d4 E, Z% j$ X; O$ o9）Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom. ( we )
/ e" y2 z, q8 e5 t1 k10）_________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job? _________is a nurse. ( she )
5 P: L) Z9 p( O3 G11）Where are _________? I can’t find _________. Let’s call _________ parents. ( they )
" l) O1 Z" Q! b' m r3 C12）Don’t touch _________. _________is not a cat, _________ is a tiger! ( it )( F1 `3 v* f( S, N
13）_________ sister is ill. Please go and see _________. ( she )
* X/ y; }3 ~% z3 c) W14）The girl behind _________ is our friend. ( she )
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' X4 I; w4 B, F1 `五、形容词、副词 $ s# ~7 y) j7 S4 Z* j
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1、形容词表现某一事物某人的特点，副词表现某一动作的特点。形容词和副词有三种情势：本相、比拟
5 ]% U5 _- |9 U' l0 U级、第一流。比拟级：+er 第一流：the …+est 4 I6 |2 Q% D8 p& y6 I6 m
两个主要特点：as……as中心必定用本相，than的前面必定要+er。$ l/ D3 T$ O; `7 ?& ~: }: h
2、形容词、副词比拟级的规矩变更如下：/ m+ v; [: o3 F
（1）一般直接+er。如：tall - taller, fast - faster 单音节词假如以-e结尾，只加-r。如：late - later% L! R1 J2 x, B: Z( I* m
（2）重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个子音字母，须双写这个字母，再加-er。如：big - bigger, fat - fatter
: V/ q9 K' c R8 T（3）以子音字母加-y结尾的词，变y为i，再加-er。如：heavy - heavier, early - earlier
& I6 f; H) l1 c$ [（4）双音节和多音节词的比拟级应在原级前加more组成。如：beautiful - more beautiful, 1 a0 B& c$ d/ |) j2 _2 T# j, v
careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting) U& L8 q, }" n: Y
（5）有些不规矩变更的，须一一加以记忆。如：good/well – better, bad/ill – worse, many/much – more, far – farther/further, old – older/elder…( \3 r& v3 h$ d6 }
! g! a% b u% A# `( H练一练：: h9 [" M- K9 j
1、写出下列形容词、副词的比拟级。( j3 K. o7 F1 n# n7 i' z! { L
big good long tall old
- e0 |, h( Z3 } v4 S& j/ Mshort thin heavy young fat
( V7 M' j" G) i. ^6 h' i$ W( `light strong high far low
5 |: a3 \6 E% r& n9 oearly late well fast slow ' f) J# E! T: \- j
9 T v; J! O; m( B0 d. A r
2、用括号内乱所给单词的恰当情势填空。
2 k1 B, }; l" q& Q* N6 w4 e1) I can swim as _______ ( fast ) as the fish, I think.
4 s6 q* N: p4 i2) Look! His hands are _______ ( big ) than mine.
, M, {; P) \* v- R8 p" f! M' g3) I think you do these things_______ ( well ) than your classmates.6 N( ?9 G) k/ I+ H3 z% x
4) Whose bag is _______ ( heavy ), yours or mine?' _5 k3 ~7 ?1 n* N9 K j, |
5) Does Jim run as _______（slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs_______ ( slow ) than them.
! Z, E; m0 Q! h$ S* R9 A4 q6) You have seven books, but I have _______ ( many ) than you. I ha ve ten.
/ C$ [6 Y3 C. T, D+ k& B7) I jump _______ ( far ) than some of the boys in my class.7 p/ S3 l z- v3 w2 x* F
8) I’m very_______ ( thin ), but she’s _______ ( thin ) than me.5 [. C y5 s) s1 a
9) It gets _______and_______ ( warm ) when spring comes here. " |" V/ _3 O9 L# m3 C" v( S
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) {6 Q2 O7 n6 ^) B& r
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六、介 词 9 r7 ]$ j+ z' ]
$ q) J# i- p4 x- a8 O2 @; ^3 t, x
1、一种虚词。不克不及零丁作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的宾语一路组成介词短语，才干在句子中起感化。
/ N5 p' u, n1 r8 g; K n有：in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of,
+ }/ O9 R; q' M% p6 {: yfrom…to…, at the back of…. K, ]. ?1 _' o. k# Y0 q1 q
2、表现时光的介词有：at, on, in。（1）at表现“在某一个具体的时光点上”，或用在固定词组中。如：at ten : n, I2 s" n8 ?& t
o’clock, at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend…（2）on表现“在某日或某日的时光段”。如：on Friday, on the
; _- y8 H' k6 H* k6 h1 A& ~first of October, on Monday morning…（3）in表现“在某一段时光（月份、季候）里”。如：in the afternoon, 3 _4 H3 b8 a; v& w# j
in September, in summer, in 2005…
$ r" E8 R& D( E, r% i9 J/ p4 N9 ] ~3、in一词还有其他的固定搭配，如：in blue（穿戴蓝色的衣服），in English（用英语表达），take part in（参
5 h) A) h" T4 ?加）。
4 S* X1 K% Q6 ^, c% e 8 d( a, [9 g5 b% ^9 _6 ]
$ N3 w+ z; _7 u练一练：
8 x8 E8 ]3 P5 y& g- ?1、选用括号内乱适当的介词填空。
v5 Y V3 t! R1) What’s this _______ ( at, on, in ) English?; Y( P- j# J! I' d
2) Christmas is _______ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.2 v, o7 ?, P# k: G7 M( f
3) The man_______ ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hai’s father.4 m- [+ U4 b: K+ S b
4) He doesn’t do well _______ ( at, on, in ) PE.& M6 U) ?! {* u5 v
5) Look at those birds _______ ( on, in ) the tree.
0 N- M0 G N2 H O& t, a6) We are going to meet _______ ( at, on, in ) the bus stop _______ ( at, on, in ) half past ten.
5 N4 y" q( i' Z# R7) Is there a cat _______ ( under, behind, in ) the door?
x5 j) e# L" z' u( l8) Helen’s writing *** is _______ ( in, in front of ) her computer.# B# z% K& r" j! n K
9) We live _______ ( at, on, in ) a new house now.
! Y: N, `/ {. N10) Does it often rain _______ ( at, on, in ) spring there?' k3 y0 \% L% [0 E# j' ^
2、圈出下列句子中应用不适当的介词，并将准确的谜底写在横线上。+ X; Z$ x7 o3 _9 T8 ?$ P4 d
1) Jim is good in English and Maths. 2) The films were in the ground just now. 4 J, _$ ?, a; y, f0 V' W5 A
3) They are talking to their plans. 4) How many students have their birthdays on May?
5 ]6 S0 i% x" ^/ D' @& U5) Women’s Day is at the third of March. 6) I can jog to school on the morning.
y0 T3 m# s0 o) B0 U" f7) Did you water trees at the farm? 8) Can you come and help me on my English? 5 K# [( Z' h9 N1 ]2 I( x
9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning. 10) What did you do on the Spring Festival? |
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发表于 2019-12-7 02:43:27
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