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一、 名 词
/ R/ s' S4 @) S" o表现某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不成数名词。
6 R* }4 w; x6 |2 r夸大:不成数名词都默以为单数,所以老是用is或者was;最好不要依据some、any、a lot of等词往作判 6 w0 D6 p% v: b/ [% z! U$ L
断,以免受误导。
0 [8 J. W6 ]! ^. h3 w6 w" i. X1、可数名词若何变“复数情势”:
8 v. E6 m1 R, ma.一般情形下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;读音3庠疱子音后读<strike>,浊子音和 5 D% ]# K9 @" [6 |
元音后读[z]。4 ~( ~0 h$ X4 s: t
b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;读音:[iz]。
! a. D9 Y7 _ Mc.以“子音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries ;读音:[z]。
5 P6 D3 K3 F% }& L, k id.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ,thief-thieves;读音:[z]。
. _- B" F) D/ q( d6 o5 Q, d: ue.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情形 , O9 a8 c& a& D# I ?0 p @
1)有性命的+es 读音:[z] 如:mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes
) l$ R, |. I4 S: G! e2) 无性命的+s 读音:[z] 如:photo-photos radio-radios
, z3 u& ~: O0 U; O9 r9 ~$ lf. 不规矩名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, + m" L" Z5 s+ C# _+ c6 f
snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish,
9 I+ n; q* b% N3 Wpeople-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
. G6 l! E: ]) L l 2、不成数名词没有复数。假如要盘算不成数名词所表达的数目,就得在数词和不成数名词之间加上“量
: ]5 X# P0 b8 {9 v词+of”。例如:a glass of water, a piece of ***, a bottle of juice; J+ t" _5 ~0 F) u$ }- z# i
判定步调:
* Z5 E2 m; |' x: W8 p. f( N ↗如是am、is或was→本相/ K; ]' H0 u. J' k
读句子→读该单词→熟悉该单词→懂得意思→看be动词5 M P0 C, x7 R' O9 `% n: }0 w$ t
↘如是are或were→加s或es
$ e5 w+ u* N* I5 P; Z$ ]6 A练一练:
" C8 k% j( Q$ j4 b% D' u7 q; q1、写出下列各词的复数。 - K( B" e; g& ?, Q
I _________ him _________ this _______ her ______ watch _______ mango_______child _______ photo ________ diary ______ day________ foot________ dress ________ tooth_______
6 V- e. N+ D% l- `sheep ______ box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______ engineer______ peach______
; t! h; t/ u ~$ T& g# c' @% Psandwich ______ man______ woman_______ leaf_______ people________
8 Y9 T" d8 R7 b) R! g5 w2、用所给名词的┞俘确情势填空。2 E* r* y0 W2 O- c* M2 O! _
(1)Are there two ( box ) on the table?- l/ d. \9 w" S5 i" q% F5 W) b
(2)I can see some ( people ) in the cinema.0 n5 w$ e$ P. o/ k
(3)How many ( day ) are there in a week?) Y/ n. ?2 q& f- ^+ T* Y& ~
(4)Here’re five ( bottle ) of ( juice ) for you.
" l5 K6 b9 `- x! N$ O& T) M(5)This ( violin ) is hers. Those ( grape ) are over there. ~% b) ?2 e5 r2 p5 k$ {4 R
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6 M1 F2 T2 B" x1 x" O2 [& D二、冠 词 % z* @7 z- S; V. _) S
冠词是一种虚词,不克不及自力应用,凡是放在名词的前面,分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。
: ?$ v# {2 g" q" P) s% A* z9 @1、不定冠词:a、an。用在单数名词前,表现“一个,一件……”。an用在以元音“音素”开首的单词前。如:
( c# _9 K2 y0 k* ~an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour…+ ]2 F7 t) |) i4 N; t& z
2、定冠词:the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思,有时翻译为这、那。它的基础用法:
4 b' ~4 _' j2 L$ m) @* S (1)用来表现特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:The map on the wall is new.) y/ p" w4 v2 f2 Q7 H* N8 C
(2)表现措辞者两边都知道的人或事物。如:Look at the picture, please.
& N! `5 r" `# e! V, E( ? l7 k (3)表现再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如:This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.) t6 _8 ~5 q9 X9 c
(4)用在表现世界上并世无双的事物前。如:the sun太阳 the moon月亮 the earth地球. w3 l5 v1 s/ j& |
(5)用在由通俗名词组成的专著名词前。如:the Great Wall长城" P2 A* X4 [8 \
(6)用在江河、湖海等专著名词前。如:the Changjiang River长江
0 ?5 Z& O. }3 x5 w( v: w (7)此外,序数词、形容词第一流、乐器名称档故前面和一些习习用语中一般都用定冠词the。如:
8 C( J0 V; e. o" Uthe first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class1 Y& @$ ^7 Z I! v
断定用a、an仍是the时可依据汉语意思。
. c" H9 g# s& C! B: H* B( g! z练一练:% j Z5 |) i+ h1 j1 y: d5 m# x, k
1、用a或an填空。
j5 M' h# _6 \% h5 [" V ____ “U” ____ ice-cream ____ goalkeeper ____ teapot ____apple
0 ]# @2 B6 |$ K# ]9 R ____office ____English book ____umbrella ____unit ____hour
. {8 C% n5 }& Q+ D% {, R( z2、依据须要,填写冠词a,an或the。4 U& r0 d; W! m0 v# I( I- _5 R4 J: ^
(1)Who is ____girl behind ____tree?
- x6 t R5 J) Y! M, M$ |4 F7 h(2) ____old man has two children, ____ son and ____daughter.$ z0 {4 ~; O9 Z2 Y0 W" @1 a9 R6 Y( F8 a
(3)This is ____ orange. ____ orange is Lucy’s./ _7 q% c L5 @# ]: u
(4)He likes playing ____guitar. We have ____same hobby.& g/ ?' I1 t5 d9 u2 K. `
(5)We all had____good time last Sunday.
' J4 w5 |, V4 x6 e- }. ~% Z+ F- |(6)She wants to be____doctor.
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三, 数 词 , G B+ `* A: k% H$ f- r5 t
我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。基数用于表现数目几多,而基数词用于表现顺序,常在日期中呈现。差别:基数词前面没有“the”;序数词前必定要有“the”。
3 y8 R: B$ c/ m+ S2 G1、跨越二十以上的两位数须要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如:21 twenty-one
* k0 |0 c( B! j- R0 N2、三位数以上的则须要在百位数后再加上and。如:101 a/one hundred and one- B3 O; K+ D# l) G2 G
3、用基数词来润饰可数名词时,必定别忘了它的复数情势。如:十八个男孩 eighteen boys& R/ F2 [; m9 H4 R" T8 c
4、用基数词润饰不成数名词时,如是复数,变它的量词为复数。 2 ?" R. x! f7 S1 v8 j: Q
如:两碗米饭 two bowls of rice; l1 g' M7 @/ B0 {; M
5、序数词一般加“th”,特别的有:first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth以及二十及二
" H* u& ~( ?# X5 k8 y) G- p十以外的┞符十:twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth… “第几十几”3庠鸢面整十不变,后面“几”改为序
# M' ]: ?/ e* ~+ f6 t数词。如:88 eighty-eighth3 g8 u5 R0 v; p7 h7 \( I' ~1 p
练一练:
) Z( M d2 A, N& y1、请翻译下列短语。 6 C1 q# Z+ j3 V* o
(1)60论理学生 (2)15本英语书 4 r( B2 Y$ U% ^2 E6 [' ?* r* Q5 W
(3)九杯凉水 (4)4个孩子 _4 G2 e; `6 R' q# u8 P
(5)12月31 (6)6月2日 7 o/ a$ J, Q& Z0 t
(7)第九周 (8)40年前
! j& I7 c3 f5 w4 g$ f+ i( x(9)11+7 (10)上学第一天 0 j: Y* G- Q4 l. ~2 l6 u7 d6 `' |
2、把下列基数词改成序数词。) }, o. v! E/ m' E/ B
one--- two--- three--- nine---
; ~) z X+ l. C8 G8 {/ Cfourteen--- twenty--- thirty-five--- eighty-one
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四、代 词 1 [% M! F8 Y, G- e
代词有两种:人称代词和物主代词。
" ~# `7 |4 g. X$ d1、人称代词分为:第一、第二、第三人称,且有单复数之分。
3 x8 U# J! f$ H4 g4 h2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语,一般用在动词前(疑问句除外);宾格在句中做宾语,多
7 C( E& k+ _: Z9 |& i) q" ^1 x( h T! s4 f用于动词、介词后。
8 x9 w- ]6 D# M+ l9 C+ K$ I: j3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的感化,后面必定要跟名词,表现该名词是属于谁的。$ [$ f2 k1 M% j
4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如:
3 ~+ K+ F* \6 h' i% R8 h+ U This is my bag. = This is mine. That is her ruler. = That is hers.
9 `& D/ v: z: g. ]一般看后面有没著名词,若有,就用形容词性物主代词;如无,就用名词性物主代词。- I( A2 P% X+ F+ n1 J$ q2 i
请服膺下表: 9 x, Y# n, t% M8 Q# d) W8 w
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9 p0 e# s4 \ G! Z6 o人称 代词 + a0 b7 s* J$ r' D' x2 E |
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you
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she
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it
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\! K! J( o" e0 n( F$ ^+ k6 m
3 `6 z9 @3 v. Ywe
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0 c$ {: [+ x+ S- N4 b8 b1 m1 Lyou
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宾格 7 X, g5 F+ Z/ l( g( o; P) Q. k
) [8 b. h; L" F9 _9 e
me
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you $ d- J* {" V7 z' i5 Z. |
* N' k9 w, \4 M Q9 ahim
% q2 A$ h# |- H& z( o
3 t( V4 l9 Q# Q5 [; P+ x4 w5 N
7 x9 l! C1 k" F4 s' i; Q7 X# e9 \/ l! U0 g$ b9 F' Q
us & U; e) s. F& W7 E. f- \( A
! T7 ]4 o( l S5 S+ ~, P2 {; f
you
Q3 A/ G0 [" Q3 v* A9 C& L 2 J' L* Z! r& v" Y, r" L
them
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物主 代词
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形容词性 0 ?8 D# \+ k; k% i9 n
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3 k | l. ]( s2 M$ B- ~) b' F- S" ayour
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its
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your * G% j5 ^4 N4 j+ }0 J. o/ T
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their ' q4 }( h2 o) d6 D% u6 V
L N/ Z1 F' l- q6 w- t. t8 _0 c
mine
4 ^) b6 [& A4 K1 L4 }
5 k3 S1 V4 u, l- z# r tyours
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his 1 f' M. [3 z+ u9 v5 _7 M7 Q8 l
9 E4 N1 N3 ?7 E2 t0 i5 R- Y
hers
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- C# O, g' q3 W @yours & N+ c0 x% a7 \$ v2 w/ T: t
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theirs
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* r2 j* c# E: z; ]7 [ h p1 i5 V练一练:) w' J s' ^% u2 A3 ~3 J- O' M
1、按请求写出响应人称代词。
- g! x+ c3 [3 ~. X8 YI(宾格)_______ she(形容词性物主代词)_______ we(名词性物主代词)_______ % y) q) Q' m& A
he(复数)_______ us(单数)_______ theirs(主格)_______ its(宾格)_______ . [" f& ? A& X; W1 ^8 Z
2、想一想,把下表弥补完全。
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人称代词 ) _3 l. U& M U i' k% W
8 V a% M+ W# y6 I物主代词
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复数
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9 x; Z, C" c7 R, y8 f: _2 \$ Y
复数
( I* ~% a: N P4 X u4 h3 F- k 1 I1 T9 Q" K4 a& Y% o
主格
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宾格 2 p" B8 F0 E( k9 r) E2 N( k
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主格
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宾格 + e1 l& u$ G" j0 M/ G3 {
2 h1 q5 \% K. b M+ Z
形容词性
& {% J# B7 L; f& z; k " o, }' d6 A& \5 [, j
名词性 $ r# ?5 m8 H( ]* X' d, Y
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形容词性 ( r* t: ?) ~9 ?+ q* Z
8 i7 e- m. I! n# t R" J. F% `名词性
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9 ^+ ^4 V. y N' D: d( ^# C第一人称
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me
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0 a$ ~' ]0 b* q
us
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第二人称 8 c! I* t* w+ a- i) u& t
; J0 S! |5 r# m' hyou . w+ B# @) t2 a+ e1 y. I
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# {6 S+ f* u4 J$ n- y1 n* hyou
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he
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- v3 u D; q# B l- p3 _+ C- Y
! X% R% d' K( U1 n B lthem & j3 v5 w) b0 q* h$ a) [
% }5 v3 D" A5 c, q: L0 P0 vhis
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+ ?; v7 q. }) m/ Z* E, e/ E
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4 E V0 S. _$ c7 I- N+ Otheir
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5 {% H. j) N, k% r; B4 A( ]9 o1 L2 Q % ]! C2 p+ {+ _% p8 M9 X8 g
% ], y% J$ G$ r+ K7 n, I- sher 9 X3 \& |6 U U3 I7 K: F) K
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it ! B% h l8 L- C7 @. d! r
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its
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3、用所给词的恰当情势填空。0 R' k- H1 {1 p; T( Q
1)That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )- G' Z9 z7 T: X: _6 _% H
2)The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she ) 1 D- F( Y0 x8 ]3 T- j
3)Is this _________ watch? ( you ) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
8 ]& e. E9 u9 o- I* S4)_________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he ) 8 L: m( ?& q( l6 ?) j. i4 v% K, T
5)_________ dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are _________? ( you )
" R8 q! s- H- s7 I7 K: i% A! V9 m7 q6)Show _________ your kite, OK? ( they )
! s- m( p( P: [: T3 W# K+ V9 v' S7)I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it ) & O9 M7 y( h+ K' h4 ]3 G" m$ @
8)Are these ________ tickets? No, ________ are not _________. ________ aren’t here. ( they ) $ Z2 p. [& }* [5 X& A9 G3 y2 S3 f
9)Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom. ( we )
* s! b4 L. |/ H f9 k% M) ]10)_________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job? _________is a nurse. ( she )
8 ^* L/ F+ |* H0 w6 J5 ^- C) l9 c11)Where are _________? I can’t find _________. Let’s call _________ parents. ( they ) ; I$ V. G* S1 W3 O3 C6 U/ ^
12)Don’t touch _________. _________is not a cat, _________ is a tiger! ( it )
9 m# e; l6 Y" A* t* y6 w13)_________ sister is ill. Please go and see _________. ( she ) 8 z% p: t$ I( g/ J7 w, O
14)The girl behind _________ is our friend. ( she ) h- x) y( h! g$ x6 Y; [9 _1 @
3 r2 {8 J- \- X$ v五、形容词、副词
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6 v1 l6 f( R3 w8 [: c7 m4 }% U1 h- l; e1、形容词表现某一事物某人的特点,副词表现某一动作的特点。形容词和副词有三种情势:本相、比拟
8 I1 u! _# U* r, N/ ?- L级、第一流。比拟级:+er 第一流:the …+est
; B* i& Y( Z6 _8 _% Q两个主要特点:as……as中心必定用本相,than的前面必定要+er。& O( M, H( f5 U) y8 I
2、形容词、副词比拟级的规矩变更如下:+ V: L4 M! `# x2 O J
(1)一般直接+er。如:tall - taller, fast - faster 单音节词假如以-e结尾,只加-r。如:late - later
) ]- K5 M! ~, k(2)重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个子音字母,须双写这个字母,再加-er。如:big - bigger, fat - fatter" ~- m8 t# t" t* M" N
(3)以子音字母加-y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er。如:heavy - heavier, early - earlier
2 S, G, h4 ~( n- }(4)双音节和多音节词的比拟级应在原级前加more组成。如:beautiful - more beautiful,
# d1 @& l/ b: s# J' ~/ k careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting
* z& _4 r( i9 S* Q# d8 Y(5)有些不规矩变更的,须一一加以记忆。如:good/well – better, bad/ill – worse, many/much – more, far – farther/further, old – older/elder…; A$ d' Y1 l+ I% f. k! B, d: @
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练一练:
8 x% {* g( F1 Z1、写出下列形容词、副词的比拟级。1 }/ F( f$ F |5 U Y0 {7 @
big good long tall old
( [' e, w6 H R+ y+ Bshort thin heavy young fat 3 N. e8 X( x. `0 r x( R
light strong high far low
6 _0 S% i/ T* \2 T: u1 t7 y, L& Y- aearly late well fast slow 3 I0 g3 c. M+ J+ v1 L) n% R7 v) x: C, [; {
, m; j+ h- ]: x2、用括号内乱所给单词的恰当情势填空。
( B$ r( W& U% G' [1) I can swim as _______ ( fast ) as the fish, I think.6 u' D2 ]) n& u' |1 E& Z7 G) i1 ?
2) Look! His hands are _______ ( big ) than mine.
# K, z2 R4 \( A& j3 S3) I think you do these things_______ ( well ) than your classmates.
3 T: R/ e/ ]* i! s2 y+ u. w' a4) Whose bag is _______ ( heavy ), yours or mine?
5 T8 K, x% H1 u4 `) S( [) H( E5) Does Jim run as _______(slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs_______ ( slow ) than them.
/ S' \ N/ h& d6) You have seven books, but I have _______ ( many ) than you. I ha ve ten./ k6 T: Y+ N; ~$ j, ?
7) I jump _______ ( far ) than some of the boys in my class.
R, G* }- s% P) Z# T8 s8) I’m very_______ ( thin ), but she’s _______ ( thin ) than me.
7 f( n# U; `/ W9) It gets _______and_______ ( warm ) when spring comes here.
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- L; C, S+ [5 c \! g( s( N# y
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六、介 词 6 Q6 D% j& J6 Y5 o! \
% U8 p. N6 @' [' P" I1、一种虚词。不克不及零丁作句子成分,它只有跟它后面的宾语一路组成介词短语,才干在句子中起感化。 4 P2 M8 y8 `& O r7 e7 y8 i8 Z
有:in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of,
( K2 g6 ^- f6 c7 a5 P$ _from…to…, at the back of…
* F5 K M- R# ~5 Y' S& s6 j0 V5 s7 }2、表现时光的介词有:at, on, in。(1)at表现“在某一个具体的时光点上”,或用在固定词组中。如:at ten
) W; [) [6 O) E @3 jo’clock, at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend…(2)on表现“在某日或某日的时光段”。如:on Friday, on the
& Z( n4 z* ~/ f9 Vfirst of October, on Monday morning…(3)in表现“在某一段时光(月份、季候)里”。如:in the afternoon,
' }8 J% L- F& C2 Zin September, in summer, in 2005…/ D! L% B+ O; f% Y0 _6 R
3、in一词还有其他的固定搭配,如:in blue(穿戴蓝色的衣服),in English(用英语表达),take part in(参
% ^4 N) a) T+ u! ]加)。
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练一练:5 W8 t" b+ F2 Y
1、选用括号内乱适当的介词填空。
' j6 c. J- I0 \8 Y1) What’s this _______ ( at, on, in ) English?% F! ]( G3 A: J" |& @
2) Christmas is _______ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.: x& }+ c$ x V
3) The man_______ ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hai’s father.
1 N$ F; ^5 B7 h! M1 Z3 B4) He doesn’t do well _______ ( at, on, in ) PE.; _% {9 @8 o3 Y+ U9 W8 F
5) Look at those birds _______ ( on, in ) the tree.9 H) }5 x( a L4 w$ N3 |
6) We are going to meet _______ ( at, on, in ) the bus stop _______ ( at, on, in ) half past ten.
5 j8 H2 M' f* |7) Is there a cat _______ ( under, behind, in ) the door?& f0 ]6 ^0 d3 [/ N7 W
8) Helen’s writing *** is _______ ( in, in front of ) her computer.
$ y, V( h' L! X0 s8 Q. t+ y9) We live _______ ( at, on, in ) a new house now.
k) s9 O/ m' b/ l4 h10) Does it often rain _______ ( at, on, in ) spring there?
( u4 E0 C0 `) a& p2、圈出下列句子中应用不适当的介词,并将准确的谜底写在横线上。* F4 P. @* e; M) ~( i2 s
1) Jim is good in English and Maths. 2) The films were in the ground just now. / m" r7 ~. Y8 E
3) They are talking to their plans. 4) How many students have their birthdays on May? 9 n* }' \7 f- N2 P. {0 S
5) Women’s Day is at the third of March. 6) I can jog to school on the morning.
1 w( N8 c: y: {0 q# o. }4 t5 _$ O7) Did you water trees at the farm? 8) Can you come and help me on my English?
% }& J& N/ F. A% |1 |9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning. 10) What did you do on the Spring Festival? |