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一、 名 词
5 ?/ _4 V6 h, j2 P表现某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不成数名词。
1 Q7 V# o8 S) }0 x5 C夸大：不成数名词都默以为单数，所以老是用is或者was；最好不要依据some、any、a lot of等词往作判
D& j+ @, W2 o. D# K; @9 v断，以免受误导。
: n1 y% N+ X; H0 x1 K/ t1、可数名词若何变“复数情势”：2 Z/ Q* d, M! u4 \" T0 z
a．一般情形下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；读音３庠疱子音后读<strike>，浊子音和
7 Y0 F: r, ^: K; }, G元音后读[z]。
@, {% u: E5 c* n/ r) @b．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ；读音：[iz]。
h) k+ B+ \! Dc．以“子音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries ；读音：[z]。9 r+ w7 Y. J8 E* C) P/ s1 ]
d．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives ，thief-thieves；读音：[z]。% V( ?- y M6 q, }3 W
e．以“o”结尾的词，分两种情形 6 n4 D3 P$ f) H! | S: z0 J3 D3 }" _1 m
1）有性命的+es 读音：[z] 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes
7 `2 w. T" y2 y/ z" [. d4 w9 [" k2) 无性命的+s 读音：[z] 如：photo-photos radio-radios 4 g- \1 Y$ X5 z1 r3 o: [
f. 不规矩名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,
5 ~& E" {/ m Y& jsnowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish,
, \0 P- A( m' S: u" @$ ypeople-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 5 K* [( z( j$ x7 `9 W
2、不成数名词没有复数。假如要盘算不成数名词所表达的数目，就得在数词和不成数名词之间加上“量 1 j* x7 c. Y8 P7 V
词+of”。例如：a glass of water, a piece of ***, a bottle of juice% [; X9 E' ]- ~
判定步调：) y: O( F: @! W$ R2 G1 p/ ^
↗如是am、is或was→本相
8 U" p& ], w% r9 v: o$ y5 Q+ Q读句子→读该单词→熟悉该单词→懂得意思→看be动词% B# j2 A6 H' n, E8 G
↘如是are或were→加s或es
9 s ?/ Y+ b3 u, s0 W( e5 r练一练：
! M" }2 T- f1 I3 s8 f8 f7 j. |1、写出下列各词的复数。 / i- t* l3 B2 j- b# W
I _________ him _________ this _______ her ______ watch _______ mango_______child _______ photo ________ diary ______ day________ foot________ dress ________ tooth_______ 9 Y3 D' ]2 I) E
sheep ______ box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______ engineer______ peach______ " C0 h; [+ J, j$ u
sandwich ______ man______ woman_______ leaf_______ people________; H3 w5 x$ x# u1 A( j+ w
2、用所给名词的┞俘确情势填空。
/ R4 k7 ]$ P' L( X+ G1 m' Y# e+ F（1）Are there two ( box ) on the table?" ?$ s" Z( N- H! V, ?0 e4 ~$ o
（2）I can see some ( people ) in the cinema.4 }* P3 Z: G* Z. i. x# U [6 K+ x8 |
（3）How many ( day ) are there in a week?
5 }+ G. `7 Z2 Z( ~（4）Here’re five ( bottle ) of ( juice ) for you., p5 z) h. b3 Z' U3 M7 Z
（5）This ( violin ) is hers. Those ( grape ) are over there.0 x# `9 X6 G1 D" N. G# m
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& [2 r4 M; g& {' ]$ i9 h7 c) m9 b' @! F! N二、冠 词
$ K3 m s4 j {8 g冠词是一种虚词，不克不及自力应用，凡是放在名词的前面，分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。. K# G- F" }) j
1、不定冠词：a、an。用在单数名词前，表现“一个，一件……”。an用在以元音“音素”开首的单词前。如：
: f0 H2 V! D$ G: C7 E* V# Han e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour…' [7 _4 h1 {) U$ v5 M5 u) [
2、定冠词：the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。它的基础用法：
4 w5 k1 P6 {2 k5 Y, h （1）用来表现特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：The map on the wall is new.
/ D7 g: Y- ]0 Q9 K6 H8 m （2）表现措辞者两边都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture, please.* q9 G4 E5 K$ G4 [" h2 X( o( @9 i
（3）表现再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.5 O. H+ I2 a6 g4 i e A
（4）用在表现世界上并世无双的事物前。如：the sun太阳 the moon月亮 the earth地球2 A6 x8 [' u8 W
（5）用在由通俗名词组成的专著名词前。如：the Great Wall长城
0 x4 ]6 D6 o+ F* g1 V7 B8 K- n （6）用在江河、湖海等专著名词前。如：the Changjiang River长江
, g+ E! b: D1 {& \ （7）此外，序数词、形容词第一流、乐器名称档故前面和一些习习用语中一般都用定冠词the。如：
2 y# }4 L# J: J! z6 q) m. |the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class
7 O9 `7 g- v j. c g断定用a、an仍是the时可依据汉语意思。9 l& F& p% T- l) ^
练一练：
- i! Y# \& h! S# _, W" m1、用a或an填空。2 E- { \; V; C9 k
____ “U” ____ ice-cream ____ goalkeeper ____ teapot ____apple: m9 ] @1 H6 f$ L3 c) ]
____office ____English book ____umbrella ____unit ____hour 0 j8 x3 e# ~$ {) K) k4 a$ z: ?
2、依据须要，填写冠词a，an或the。 V8 x4 k5 S% U" o) s
（1）Who is ____girl behind ____tree?3 k, p5 `* e4 Y. T
（2） ____old man has two children, ____ son and ____daughter.& x) |0 V, a' H" `- l
（3）This is ____ orange. ____ orange is Lucy’s.; s, {$ Q7 Y5 m. C1 d4 R, n
（4）He likes playing ____guitar. We have ____same hobby.4 ]4 E8 ^4 t4 W! \
（5）We all had____good time last Sunday.+ r5 P* s2 @6 h( k
（6）She wants to be____doctor. " |* k: Y: a; F$ m' p. u
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三， 数 词
( A4 ]. Y a; Z4 q( [& G我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表现数目几多，而基数词用于表现顺序，常在日期中呈现。差别：基数词前面没有“the”；序数词前必定要有“the”。- q- J9 Y$ M% r8 x5 E/ v6 B
1、跨越二十以上的两位数须要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如：21 twenty-one
, |/ W& \6 _: Y* D2、三位数以上的则须要在百位数后再加上and。如：101 a/one hundred and one& D+ J7 Q! I( Z; g* S
3、用基数词来润饰可数名词时，必定别忘了它的复数情势。如：十八个男孩 eighteen boys6 i! M+ K* |0 r( k) F7 Q( h
4、用基数词润饰不成数名词时，如是复数，变它的量词为复数。
% E3 k9 E2 h' n4 Q$ L; ~如：两碗米饭 two bowls of rice
7 B+ \8 e) w1 i) d; H. M5、序数词一般加“th”，特别的有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth以及二十及二
' E, y9 v. ^3 i' l3 f0 a7 K i十以外的┞符十：twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth… “第几十几”３庠鸢面整十不变，后面“几”改为序 " |0 ^! N f5 \# \3 \
数词。如：88 eighty-eighth
- Z+ [/ c* Y4 ^* T% r练一练：0 g, q9 G, ^+ J j
1、请翻译下列短语。 2 f3 I4 c9 W) R0 e5 w
（1）60论理学生 （2）15本英语书 / X4 c6 G2 j5 x
（3）九杯凉水 （4）4个孩子 $ N. P8 T9 W) y4 \ T0 a
（5）12月31 （6）6月2日 # Q4 U1 r4 E, @$ x. n+ y
（7）第九周 （8）40年前
, F* I! ?6 A7 t（9）11+7 （10）上学第一天 5 j; o* F! l% [- _
2、把下列基数词改成序数词。* ^4 ?& l' F: t9 ]
one--- two--- three--- nine--- % W5 L" Y( C5 F) V& D
fourteen--- twenty--- thirty-five--- eighty-one
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四、代 词
% O4 B4 @9 a0 ^7 O代词有两种：人称代词和物主代词。6 Z! Q' o* Y2 s3 Q) L/ W
1、人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。
- _) s* s% N6 b# z2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）；宾格在句中做宾语，多 4 U& _$ t8 t) `" {# f) _. i
用于动词、介词后。; m! ~" ~! u! x! T8 @5 |' T6 I- {7 g
3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的感化，后面必定要跟名词，表现该名词是属于谁的。+ V2 H+ o i1 ~2 k) M
4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如：
7 A. k% Z$ n. d& g0 C5 z- i, |3 H This is my bag. = This is mine. That is her ruler. = That is hers.
% ^. d! u# Y" \8 c/ |, r4 K0 e) u一般看后面有没著名词，若有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。6 z4 l1 p0 X- u& D
请服膺下表：
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# F6 x7 c( ?+ M: J+ I- P r人称 代词 % D9 B% N1 \% ]' E |+ S/ M7 V6 x
主格
# c0 p+ E9 P3 h" z6 ]# ^- Pyou 3 F- t `2 ^$ X, I. K; [' N6 U
you
8 R" B4 A7 x$ W/ t# C2 N宾格
! Q! ^: ]- W' l% y1 h5 U+ P4 `me 5 h7 D% h- ^0 [! t7 a) ^0 V
you
, b- q* y5 ?, q \ h8 }him
9 b- z' b1 P! w( G A6 Xher
5 T: x6 A$ r- F; j1 \it $ h5 a& V7 w8 W) `# B# V, w
you
* \$ b8 Y5 G- U0 z+ Rthem
! M' M9 A- J! A$ }0 [your
9 O% |2 w& B d+ Z* ~his
# R+ f# P1 ]3 S \4 ~ L5 J( r8 V( eher ; t* i4 N' p9 C+ K! X$ g- l8 ]
its
/ \. b9 D7 o4 X$ A# z* Fyour
b: L3 O; U) b. f( Q2 Q9 ^& }their + \5 V- Y/ y, \; a; ~
mine + A7 ^; j J0 }' w* \+ e, g
yours 5 m2 l" x1 y. y9 n- Q$ E
hers
2 r1 U9 p3 T+ h U. Iours
+ w. B1 l, I+ }% W ryours 5 r& A0 G/ `7 Y; |4 O
theirs
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- M" @/ k* G, o" Y9 O& P) \9 ~" Z练一练：
2 B/ {; ?% E5 T& M( Z3 ]' M1、按请求写出响应人称代词。
& q, w0 w1 g0 @# l( Z! g& \* }I（宾格）_______ she（形容词性物主代词）_______ we（名词性物主代词）_______
8 O4 ^$ w0 j+ S: V2 C8 _he（复数）_______ us（单数）_______ theirs（主格）_______ its（宾格）_______ ' l+ h; `2 k$ H% Q$ {
2、想一想，把下表弥补完全。
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人称代词
" P9 w0 e& r! b3 h1 Z! ~0 k* M4 v2 o单数 % c3 h% b, a) d. ^: Q0 I/ l
宾格 % K+ T! R; s. c; v% S- C9 V
宾格 5 R( E5 u1 J/ t2 g) i h# J1 h
形容词性 * U; K6 W4 o0 r6 i) j# d
名词性
8 j) E$ ?! O2 f: }; D" i3 s- k& w: Z名词性
2 w* Q; z' R- a# c6 Sme d1 m& r7 n5 l; u' \" i$ |
our
+ @6 y5 t% V. l6 c% b第二人称
2 f! i, O. y s2 S6 v. e, vyou
+ ?' k; C# U" @+ [& wyou
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8 C2 l1 I! X; \! d& x' P$ p: o
1 Z6 w- F, l9 t3 r: w& ?2 G& K
their ' y, `: r( s3 Z# _; e5 h, D2 o
it # f9 V7 R& f+ O. F7 w5 _
its
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3、用所给词的恰当情势填空。
\, u3 \& B7 n, L: v1）That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )5 z0 _ u( ?" f& f
2）The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she ) ( a m1 l( L6 w: `9 X
3）Is this _________ watch? ( you ) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
) I2 b7 e7 i1 m5 ]& U4）_________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he ) $ A% ~% \7 @* }! O* C# g1 s* j
5）_________ dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are _________? ( you )
8 C/ t. ^( h! \* z6）Show _________ your kite, OK? ( they ) , N0 @4 _ \/ w+ A# z/ a
7）I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it ) 4 a+ a8 O& Q" x( J
8）Are these ________ tickets? No, ________ are not _________. ________ aren’t here. ( they )
* m2 l) Y* N6 c% O9）Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom. ( we ) & |7 ]4 _9 t7 m
10）_________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job? _________is a nurse. ( she )
, m: ^( q) L3 D3 @2 Y11）Where are _________? I can’t find _________. Let’s call _________ parents. ( they ) . f: P$ N Y5 x* `
12）Don’t touch _________. _________is not a cat, _________ is a tiger! ( it )1 V7 [1 H, |+ n; b6 N1 L: l7 a
13）_________ sister is ill. Please go and see _________. ( she )
, C! ~+ |/ p4 x% U) |14）The girl behind _________ is our friend. ( she ) 8 X# b% x, i0 D$ F0 A" t+ d) }
" p4 q7 u+ J& P五、形容词、副词
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1、形容词表现某一事物某人的特点，副词表现某一动作的特点。形容词和副词有三种情势：本相、比拟
( w+ ?/ f5 T5 \级、第一流。比拟级：+er 第一流：the …+est * ^7 q7 h; @% z7 W
两个主要特点：as……as中心必定用本相，than的前面必定要+er。& B, w# j: ]- v
2、形容词、副词比拟级的规矩变更如下：
6 E& p$ N6 G* \8 Q（1）一般直接+er。如：tall - taller, fast - faster 单音节词假如以-e结尾，只加-r。如：late - later$ ]5 Z/ L1 H5 _% _$ c) ]2 m) s2 B$ k
（2）重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个子音字母，须双写这个字母，再加-er。如：big - bigger, fat - fatter
2 g0 K9 P7 I1 `9 x2 }4 I（3）以子音字母加-y结尾的词，变y为i，再加-er。如：heavy - heavier, early - earlier: D: L; ~$ X7 ~1 ?& r
（4）双音节和多音节词的比拟级应在原级前加more组成。如：beautiful - more beautiful, * x( T' G4 ~ W8 T$ L- D6 m+ K. S
careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting
# h3 |+ A/ N! V. G（5）有些不规矩变更的，须一一加以记忆。如：good/well – better, bad/ill – worse, many/much – more, far – farther/further, old – older/elder…
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练一练：% c/ {: J5 L F, \+ `7 V/ Y
1、写出下列形容词、副词的比拟级。2 N1 L% q4 l! B) g j& l5 Z
big good long tall old
" }) l7 W' Y8 `3 c4 p4 _ r8 rshort thin heavy young fat
* ]9 x+ ]* s4 J5 ~$ z" P6 Jlight strong high far low & J5 r/ |1 a, g
early late well fast slow
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) ^* p u" [& z* ?# \, u V2、用括号内乱所给单词的恰当情势填空。* \4 [1 l! n% N! x* f( Y
1) I can swim as _______ ( fast ) as the fish, I think.
4 Q2 B2 P, `6 j2) Look! His hands are _______ ( big ) than mine.
( _% B- ~2 w! G( _& o; d( b- a3) I think you do these things_______ ( well ) than your classmates.1 x9 J( o: v% B8 \* G
4) Whose bag is _______ ( heavy ), yours or mine?
5 P1 ^8 Y; `. U$ P6 n$ c P5) Does Jim run as _______（slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs_______ ( slow ) than them.$ E, d: ]( u) m( ]& ~
6) You have seven books, but I have _______ ( many ) than you. I ha ve ten.0 F: r* n0 `* D0 A4 {
7) I jump _______ ( far ) than some of the boys in my class.
1 F9 U& V( d# {/ K2 f! m8) I’m very_______ ( thin ), but she’s _______ ( thin ) than me.1 A/ ?& t1 }/ l. G
9) It gets _______and_______ ( warm ) when spring comes here.
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六、介 词 : Q2 ?! a$ k4 Y% g6 x& b( q
, e" g5 Y$ l5 x1、一种虚词。不克不及零丁作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的宾语一路组成介词短语，才干在句子中起感化。 $ k9 P: y- ^# f# Q3 j0 ^3 ]% L7 |* k
有：in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of,
+ O4 S" N3 |& u/ n7 D/ qfrom…to…, at the back of…' H* e6 k: t U2 d5 j8 r; Y l1 b
2、表现时光的介词有：at, on, in。（1）at表现“在某一个具体的时光点上”，或用在固定词组中。如：at ten ( E; B9 V# V* x2 u/ ~% d7 v
o’clock, at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend…（2）on表现“在某日或某日的时光段”。如：on Friday, on the
) F$ Z5 F! o$ A! w2 {first of October, on Monday morning…（3）in表现“在某一段时光（月份、季候）里”。如：in the afternoon,
`7 C: U2 n3 G3 n! bin September, in summer, in 2005… g5 ?6 ~4 h3 A# ]+ E) i
3、in一词还有其他的固定搭配，如：in blue（穿戴蓝色的衣服），in English（用英语表达），take part in（参 - R7 H1 h0 o9 ?0 c' l( m6 x4 ?1 m, ]
加）。+ \. r( E9 b4 t7 R
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% ], D. s+ W2 W* L练一练：
3 w. }2 ^+ A9 ^# r/ }1、选用括号内乱适当的介词填空。* r6 q7 I9 m8 Z* u. U% ]
1) What’s this _______ ( at, on, in ) English?
) D9 M1 e4 q: x4 G# m: t2) Christmas is _______ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.
* b4 j1 U6 d1 z- ^- ^+ J3) The man_______ ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hai’s father.( Z" _" c Q1 o' o4 j
4) He doesn’t do well _______ ( at, on, in ) PE.
' W5 Z) R8 E2 R" a5) Look at those birds _______ ( on, in ) the tree.4 Z' w; ` e; ?4 E" h
6) We are going to meet _______ ( at, on, in ) the bus stop _______ ( at, on, in ) half past ten.( ?) A) K4 B. }
7) Is there a cat _______ ( under, behind, in ) the door?( J! }$ I9 _: b! f8 B t/ w
8) Helen’s writing *** is _______ ( in, in front of ) her computer.
2 j4 l0 }9 E+ m, [3 S+ a4 B9) We live _______ ( at, on, in ) a new house now.2 ]- W1 w( G" D
10) Does it often rain _______ ( at, on, in ) spring there?
+ g% h$ e6 m- @( J2、圈出下列句子中应用不适当的介词，并将准确的谜底写在横线上。
/ i' {, J) p# Q" ~5 T; Z0 L1) Jim is good in English and Maths. 2) The films were in the ground just now.
4 D H( F- ~8 d0 W3) They are talking to their plans. 4) How many students have their birthdays on May?
2 n5 M& `. }9 ?5 J% m4 n5) Women’s Day is at the third of March. 6) I can jog to school on the morning.
5 J) f; q+ v" r. @( l* l# G7) Did you water trees at the farm? 8) Can you come and help me on my English?
4 d+ h% M! o7 _; o% O9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning. 10) What did you do on the Spring Festival? |
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发表于 2019-12-7 02:43:27
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