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一、 名 词
7 F, i* o; }2 }0 y$ R表现某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不成数名词。4 l, t$ k0 t2 I( e7 s
夸大:不成数名词都默以为单数,所以老是用is或者was;最好不要依据some、any、a lot of等词往作判 - g* a. ^; ~1 j0 S" @ a% @
断,以免受误导。
, q' S( `% ^+ B1 _0 k/ r. ?1、可数名词若何变“复数情势”:, t- Y O* I5 F# w( M/ Q7 |* J
a.一般情形下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;读音3庠疱子音后读<strike>,浊子音和 . }! G! A! f+ R1 P5 r s' H; u$ o
元音后读[z]。7 n8 d3 T1 g% T6 d
b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;读音:[iz]。
x0 s) D# v( hc.以“子音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries ;读音:[z]。: X, T; Y$ C5 z2 q2 n
d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ,thief-thieves;读音:[z]。: |) M$ |% ?2 @4 g. a5 S
e.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情形
# t6 P5 ?3 A4 W0 o1 v$ o: H3 f# t1)有性命的+es 读音:[z] 如:mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes 8 V# w' j3 }3 z2 I
2) 无性命的+s 读音:[z] 如:photo-photos radio-radios ; [+ v+ O/ E, q7 }; S- L
f. 不规矩名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,
" M' S o% D+ ?# f1 Jsnowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish,
* G8 M( y. U* z2 e# t! z' rpeople-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
' s: P7 P4 o2 j. N4 q: n( H 2、不成数名词没有复数。假如要盘算不成数名词所表达的数目,就得在数词和不成数名词之间加上“量 ' y$ s+ D2 \& y6 ]3 W4 [
词+of”。例如:a glass of water, a piece of ***, a bottle of juice
5 ^" |# r" O& Y; c% ]) ?# y- `判定步调:
/ U$ i8 [ f3 f3 p+ L( c ↗如是am、is或was→本相
! O& q( v0 ` S# C& e读句子→读该单词→熟悉该单词→懂得意思→看be动词
9 @+ p6 ~) T6 [' A( F. m ↘如是are或were→加s或es
7 I( Z. o, x2 [2 B7 F练一练:) B- q3 ~, g2 a0 f* t
1、写出下列各词的复数。
6 w/ N+ t' _5 m- |. E! ^I _________ him _________ this _______ her ______ watch _______ mango_______child _______ photo ________ diary ______ day________ foot________ dress ________ tooth_______
- x1 I8 G. G1 Y, _sheep ______ box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______ engineer______ peach______ ; y0 Q' l+ `6 C. z: ^8 M
sandwich ______ man______ woman_______ leaf_______ people________
* F8 T; b5 `; `. W, Y7 K5 e2、用所给名词的┞俘确情势填空。
8 }. J0 S# r9 B- N4 d5 d(1)Are there two ( box ) on the table?
& q3 i' X* n$ g8 n! F# s(2)I can see some ( people ) in the cinema.7 W6 I" B- l* e, ]
(3)How many ( day ) are there in a week?9 V) O/ ^) X+ [$ @" B6 a0 `8 T
(4)Here’re five ( bottle ) of ( juice ) for you.
+ }9 q3 n) z( T3 A(5)This ( violin ) is hers. Those ( grape ) are over there.
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9 x# O5 J2 f4 @! Q! ?/ W二、冠 词 / a. ?& {+ k: M
冠词是一种虚词,不克不及自力应用,凡是放在名词的前面,分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。
0 O% F; g3 g8 `7 g% h: _4 _1、不定冠词:a、an。用在单数名词前,表现“一个,一件……”。an用在以元音“音素”开首的单词前。如: . \8 s( M- `7 p2 \/ }4 W1 Y% [
an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour…' U# d) O% `; n+ P3 k7 @6 J
2、定冠词:the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思,有时翻译为这、那。它的基础用法:' L, ?1 h# H6 Z9 J0 N: S* T( K
(1)用来表现特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:The map on the wall is new.
, J8 X9 A' \; [' b, z, P. `# g8 S (2)表现措辞者两边都知道的人或事物。如:Look at the picture, please.
- v+ P% o% K# Y- Q7 Z4 @ D- K4 K4 q (3)表现再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如:This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.
1 n( c$ ]( S4 m- y$ J' F- f (4)用在表现世界上并世无双的事物前。如:the sun太阳 the moon月亮 the earth地球
0 S. f1 u8 X- d (5)用在由通俗名词组成的专著名词前。如:the Great Wall长城; D4 |" i, V9 C/ F: x
(6)用在江河、湖海等专著名词前。如:the Changjiang River长江' U; S6 c! k7 g* O6 f4 h% o
(7)此外,序数词、形容词第一流、乐器名称档故前面和一些习习用语中一般都用定冠词the。如:
i2 H* O" z) }the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class
& e/ T0 q8 U8 j8 V断定用a、an仍是the时可依据汉语意思。: G) P% R7 j" W4 w- v& a- L
练一练:' z. Z: p* L0 w3 t$ W+ @, t: L
1、用a或an填空。
% \! N U; Q7 q, v% ^ ____ “U” ____ ice-cream ____ goalkeeper ____ teapot ____apple
# t9 l0 x' k# k" _2 r' i ____office ____English book ____umbrella ____unit ____hour W1 _4 |, \* S2 q; h
2、依据须要,填写冠词a,an或the。0 A( O# s [+ H0 g, J$ j9 W% a) G
(1)Who is ____girl behind ____tree?
8 m# L. w. ?) {& R/ G& L4 ]4 ]- v(2) ____old man has two children, ____ son and ____daughter.! t) ~0 w, ]9 h* E- F9 M
(3)This is ____ orange. ____ orange is Lucy’s.
' c) b. c; J3 n(4)He likes playing ____guitar. We have ____same hobby.9 x$ J h' e: l# ~
(5)We all had____good time last Sunday.
- j( e) |' A" s(6)She wants to be____doctor.
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三, 数 词
; B' H, C0 f) ~& v我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。基数用于表现数目几多,而基数词用于表现顺序,常在日期中呈现。差别:基数词前面没有“the”;序数词前必定要有“the”。6 I% Y1 c6 g& {- k# q. ]. N
1、跨越二十以上的两位数须要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如:21 twenty-one
: G' Y7 w! v* W f/ P v: ?/ J2、三位数以上的则须要在百位数后再加上and。如:101 a/one hundred and one# T& N- T( a0 Z
3、用基数词来润饰可数名词时,必定别忘了它的复数情势。如:十八个男孩 eighteen boys% h! u8 b: P0 K3 h) Y, b
4、用基数词润饰不成数名词时,如是复数,变它的量词为复数。 . K( }+ u* N; J1 U" H
如:两碗米饭 two bowls of rice! j6 L! i7 k8 _+ i! n' l- t( y
5、序数词一般加“th”,特别的有:first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth以及二十及二
6 i+ F5 @) c& ]' L9 s2 H( {十以外的┞符十:twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth… “第几十几”3庠鸢面整十不变,后面“几”改为序 * {9 J% o/ i5 A q. x
数词。如:88 eighty-eighth* Y& s8 J7 T U9 t! X
练一练:
; k, T; `( x; q4 v* Q1、请翻译下列短语。
0 o( h6 M3 }( o! `# _(1)60论理学生 (2)15本英语书 ! P; V2 Y; k% _5 l6 n
(3)九杯凉水 (4)4个孩子
1 x* B" \; I0 ~(5)12月31 (6)6月2日
) p* D" V% Q: k5 Q(7)第九周 (8)40年前
: M+ f2 t3 X4 @7 `( W(9)11+7 (10)上学第一天 ' n6 t5 p* [. E! Y% Q5 d' D3 X
2、把下列基数词改成序数词。
$ h4 H. l) y! aone--- two--- three--- nine--- ! S7 w. [5 z X; z" D! ], C- b" {
fourteen--- twenty--- thirty-five--- eighty-one! a) u4 p8 p9 M) [* X
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四、代 词
) S" |1 F- @, f# [( z6 t2 W代词有两种:人称代词和物主代词。
( n( b9 e7 ]+ v2 b) S9 u) v1、人称代词分为:第一、第二、第三人称,且有单复数之分。
8 _% a# | p1 T3 `2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语,一般用在动词前(疑问句除外);宾格在句中做宾语,多
! q; h1 g7 g/ G用于动词、介词后。
$ h9 q4 g+ l2 i: [3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的感化,后面必定要跟名词,表现该名词是属于谁的。
d. Q2 x# j7 _6 U9 u4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如:
9 r# ~' s7 e. h( i This is my bag. = This is mine. That is her ruler. = That is hers.
# g- {$ r' d$ S* ]5 {9 l一般看后面有没著名词,若有,就用形容词性物主代词;如无,就用名词性物主代词。$ {' n# q. {6 |6 E. C1 v
请服膺下表:
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) K) I; C) x& n6 l; T4 x# h单数
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3 u2 i3 U2 E) x
: M' R/ t$ h4 U& k) u8 I
' Z! @0 L9 v; h. s- t8 N主格
9 x) U: ?5 a1 |% {+ v" y) @
6 F) G- G% T: T, JI 0 K' c, _) p! a- @- r6 y
; `1 V$ s# C" E: u8 i9 a
you
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4 I$ d. p) V, y5 Qit
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8 r G. l( j/ H) F& qwe * x# a% K0 q8 Q0 W! G' [
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you
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7 i l- w8 Y. @9 s3 qthey & c, h; @# _5 k( Q! a E
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her / u( \" W6 x$ R4 U" @; h
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; |4 k* i* L/ r& ]us
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you # q% ^7 R) r9 W6 ]# i! m
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物主 代词
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: y+ L: _% a: k* j u形容词性 1 I, L) C; E) v \+ J3 `/ [
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my + {5 N4 ~8 g% j& V) ]( Z, f' |
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your ( i! n% b- w7 `0 m3 b0 E) E3 o
- [7 R8 y' s" c2 G, d; z5 l4 ?/ i1 T9 {- j$ q8 X
her
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4 d8 M3 D% O( } Eits
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your + R1 I7 J0 I. x) L$ }3 s4 o# B o
. j1 p! U& h" D8 A- w5 A; w& [their 0 `, S8 l3 _0 ]% w d% v
3 E" {" i7 N2 [5 Q( I8 R3 y
/ i7 Y$ H5 i J7 I( Emine
- Z( A# P5 O6 `: ^% u# K: x( J $ b T1 F( h$ [$ |
yours 6 b+ K5 \6 u. r9 G$ w4 I6 l
/ } ^0 m2 r8 w5 q3 J# M1 e# Uhis
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) w. p2 b. X; i8 Y! K3 w4 j
its 2 C% q5 w4 g+ \' ]/ }9 o
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yours 5 `- n9 ?' ^: a i, B3 J# C) ^
- M6 J, Q, W/ ^* ]theirs # W& e2 u, E- J2 A+ d: ]
3 m% L! _& i+ ~( a& N ) O! I* g, O' ~# x( j
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练一练:- B, N9 o- Y4 G/ l7 Z
1、按请求写出响应人称代词。) }# H$ I4 U4 s
I(宾格)_______ she(形容词性物主代词)_______ we(名词性物主代词)_______ 4 ~2 b5 L& H$ c* H7 K1 a8 Z+ o
he(复数)_______ us(单数)_______ theirs(主格)_______ its(宾格)_______ & w% e* A5 P$ b' [8 D
2、想一想,把下表弥补完全。
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8 q5 A0 K; Z% n3 s. s' [; X+ B 9 Z1 w. C7 h8 C+ ^, Y2 L% G' ~
/ }- S* f- K4 @' W( p物主代词 % J. `% ^" \1 C! j# n9 K( J
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单数
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复数
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/ |4 T0 C4 i6 \9 a. q, w7 @9 e主格 5 _/ k$ W$ ~1 d# s R& a# ?
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主格 ) o2 I' k3 ~ ?; V0 c& a, L3 C/ Q! j0 \
. b0 R0 V' _, l9 T; f
宾格 5 Q: v) V5 E. v, B h& j; z0 r
2 h9 J: M# E; I' z5 g
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名词性
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' \9 `, S6 Z( W' L1 c/ N8 E形容词性
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+ o6 F; U3 M; s. s3 x
第一人称 1 R2 F6 U4 c, ^( \/ ], i6 b
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me
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5 n% _9 C2 q; o8 K3 v" T* _
}! q' A$ c& I: S& J: I1 o5 \: f3 D ^
5 z0 u$ C2 x, E2 ?5 V
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& ~/ T6 f) N0 Tour " o0 J, @4 r! I# B8 C, X. Y
1 s1 X1 s( J6 N( l8 Y. |
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+ n' Q7 F" l. ]! v
第二人称
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0 `4 }* b4 z: T2 Z, j- K; m I6 W) B6 _! _; F1 x, m+ w% e
0 k% _0 |. ?4 f0 w
he
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{* x$ {. T: o/ b# m9 a. c
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them ) A. w8 O& t7 {$ R" s
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3 [: w# R0 I3 a) ]% A
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7 f# T% K! n) c: i/ \* ^their 8 `, O7 C+ H6 w% G$ l8 B/ a$ k
8 E3 R# x! o0 g" H8 m f: t7 o ~) H
9 @0 V* g! b0 C* R3 [+ M2 @" o3 P
! a4 r' W. T# Hher 9 O8 a, t8 O4 [2 e* h0 \( E
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9 }- f. u7 N0 U& M7 D; b ' @' W8 _( `/ g/ C+ T, y4 H
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its " k* }5 U/ Y9 o5 h, ^9 ], J) W
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, B g" M, U6 k! d [2 W; f3、用所给词的恰当情势填空。6 P7 J2 V3 v8 R. ^8 ?
1)That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )
, u ~( z8 G h+ k7 d5 T2)The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
N8 f8 E% Z: y7 {# A3)Is this _________ watch? ( you ) No, it’s not _________ . ( I ) : Z5 H: B U& d6 @$ ~9 _
4)_________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )
- W' y7 h$ c, A$ U- i- |5)_________ dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are _________? ( you ) - t( C T* E9 }2 w# q
6)Show _________ your kite, OK? ( they )
+ V1 @- d1 I4 [! w- Q% D7)I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it )
) b6 ^ _5 \ O5 `8)Are these ________ tickets? No, ________ are not _________. ________ aren’t here. ( they )
6 b2 ?5 w" e7 H* h. s! ~9)Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom. ( we )
' X. x7 y1 d2 ]10)_________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job? _________is a nurse. ( she ) 5 _2 ^) I, ~3 b) F7 p; I/ `+ X
11)Where are _________? I can’t find _________. Let’s call _________ parents. ( they ) 3 F: h- G( M6 c" r# X8 D- N
12)Don’t touch _________. _________is not a cat, _________ is a tiger! ( it )
: ]. A; E5 T; v% I. k `13)_________ sister is ill. Please go and see _________. ( she ) $ D: v2 i: B% y
14)The girl behind _________ is our friend. ( she )
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7 f; \( \6 t0 z* \% ^$ r. e五、形容词、副词 1 ]7 `9 Z7 W6 f0 i
! \8 U8 r9 ]8 b& Q' f1、形容词表现某一事物某人的特点,副词表现某一动作的特点。形容词和副词有三种情势:本相、比拟 5 z: G6 e/ L! W2 ?% ?* C
级、第一流。比拟级:+er 第一流:the …+est & q9 g, U, M6 S7 @% ^" i9 Y
两个主要特点:as……as中心必定用本相,than的前面必定要+er。
' A9 o, s( P4 ?2、形容词、副词比拟级的规矩变更如下:6 A$ R% z/ Z2 k4 x3 [ q5 q6 e
(1)一般直接+er。如:tall - taller, fast - faster 单音节词假如以-e结尾,只加-r。如:late - later
6 K9 I- P% F7 s$ F8 i(2)重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个子音字母,须双写这个字母,再加-er。如:big - bigger, fat - fatter
( I6 d( K( H. ~9 f+ K- i& C(3)以子音字母加-y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er。如:heavy - heavier, early - earlier
0 O: `5 ?& O1 V I( s3 [8 R, q; h(4)双音节和多音节词的比拟级应在原级前加more组成。如:beautiful - more beautiful,
9 h, `% F) @& K/ H; O1 x careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting
5 G+ G' V! B2 a4 b: p) i(5)有些不规矩变更的,须一一加以记忆。如:good/well – better, bad/ill – worse, many/much – more, far – farther/further, old – older/elder…; V2 g; Z5 j7 f( [. ] g2 T- F7 i
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练一练:5 x9 v9 Q+ ?4 L. _" C6 r
1、写出下列形容词、副词的比拟级。( y n0 d1 V) g# D( w9 Q' Y
big good long tall old 7 J( k/ s& ]$ F5 k) D# W
short thin heavy young fat
2 m8 N+ E5 y7 L* ]# c0 J4 V4 ~3 blight strong high far low " O: D/ R8 I' d- V% n. v3 |0 Z
early late well fast slow
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1 p9 h8 X6 }/ w6 |, R2、用括号内乱所给单词的恰当情势填空。
2 B- r# v4 r V' H. B0 h3 I/ F1) I can swim as _______ ( fast ) as the fish, I think.% l8 j9 ~+ U2 d* I
2) Look! His hands are _______ ( big ) than mine.8 d; l5 c" M \9 M+ c7 @4 H
3) I think you do these things_______ ( well ) than your classmates.- h4 Q- ?: Y5 `) m0 v1 Q
4) Whose bag is _______ ( heavy ), yours or mine?
" H7 R* K! D2 [ v5) Does Jim run as _______(slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs_______ ( slow ) than them.
6 j$ }8 e3 i" n7 J% s0 K4 \6) You have seven books, but I have _______ ( many ) than you. I ha ve ten.
' S p2 x; ^5 @; D- X7) I jump _______ ( far ) than some of the boys in my class.7 f" e8 B9 G; i
8) I’m very_______ ( thin ), but she’s _______ ( thin ) than me.
9 ?. A( V* P9 D9) It gets _______and_______ ( warm ) when spring comes here. 3 l" z2 q( ^# V% b$ R4 x" h
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六、介 词
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! K( {: i" |: ?) s& @1、一种虚词。不克不及零丁作句子成分,它只有跟它后面的宾语一路组成介词短语,才干在句子中起感化。 8 `' W6 ]0 |4 I( }( E
有:in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of, 8 @0 g' o0 h' b. G" k
from…to…, at the back of…# a" j% p" V& u, [
2、表现时光的介词有:at, on, in。(1)at表现“在某一个具体的时光点上”,或用在固定词组中。如:at ten
( t, D, B$ L' K4 ]& Jo’clock, at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend…(2)on表现“在某日或某日的时光段”。如:on Friday, on the & A% c4 H; [' M9 p0 v9 s+ {
first of October, on Monday morning…(3)in表现“在某一段时光(月份、季候)里”。如:in the afternoon,
7 b7 s5 o& m8 J% ^+ k9 b, iin September, in summer, in 2005…
6 S2 V. x7 D$ d9 q* j3、in一词还有其他的固定搭配,如:in blue(穿戴蓝色的衣服),in English(用英语表达),take part in(参
/ h& g3 R) a: t( u# U- S. r, N加)。
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练一练:
5 M0 [( u* e/ i7 S: J+ m1、选用括号内乱适当的介词填空。- ~6 A( L) D4 b0 H8 O) @) ~
1) What’s this _______ ( at, on, in ) English?& H3 {$ I1 R! w) [' F
2) Christmas is _______ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December., G& u2 ]; b9 L p) `- r$ }
3) The man_______ ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hai’s father.
8 U$ r( V, l, F' x4) He doesn’t do well _______ ( at, on, in ) PE.
' ~" N B, J0 [: |' b/ m5) Look at those birds _______ ( on, in ) the tree.
. f7 h/ S" S C" e' C1 b' I6) We are going to meet _______ ( at, on, in ) the bus stop _______ ( at, on, in ) half past ten.
" ]/ E% G, ]6 c6 u G7) Is there a cat _______ ( under, behind, in ) the door?
0 K5 B. _+ k' V- R' T7 m8) Helen’s writing *** is _______ ( in, in front of ) her computer.
g$ n4 p3 ? h- O2 V {9) We live _______ ( at, on, in ) a new house now.
& Q8 S! q1 P4 w' i+ s/ \10) Does it often rain _______ ( at, on, in ) spring there?' V1 P/ M* z" E& r1 }. d
2、圈出下列句子中应用不适当的介词,并将准确的谜底写在横线上。
. D# b$ E- z- L1) Jim is good in English and Maths. 2) The films were in the ground just now. ! ~9 \7 |2 Y0 L7 T
3) They are talking to their plans. 4) How many students have their birthdays on May? 9 l' D5 V6 k3 D. p/ H _( H) O
5) Women’s Day is at the third of March. 6) I can jog to school on the morning.
7 Y& {7 V0 r x g) G7) Did you water trees at the farm? 8) Can you come and help me on my English? & B- |) ^& \0 s7 ?1 U
9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning. 10) What did you do on the Spring Festival? |